Democratic Republic of the Congo - Kinshasa

Democratic Republic of the Congo - Kinshasa的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

乙肝疫苗

There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

甲型肝炎疫苗

There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended. Infants 6 to 11 months old should also be vaccinated against the disease.

對於一些旅行者

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

One dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) is recommended to infants 6 to 11 months prior to international travel.

脊髓灰質炎疫苗

A single lifetime booster dose of Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) is recommended for adults who received the routine polio vaccination series as children.

卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗

A BCG vaccine is recommended for all unvaccinated adults and children under 16 years of age, staying in the country for more than 3 months. A tuberculin skin test is required prior to administering vaccination for all children from 6 years of age.

腦膜炎疫苗

Meningitis vaccination is recommended for travel to this country during the dry season (January-February and May to September). Travellers with prolonged contact with the local population are especially at risk.

霍亂疫苗

The U.K. NaTHNaC recommends the oral cholera vaccine for some travellers whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk, travelling to areas of active cholera transmission. These risk factors include: aid workers; those going to areas of cholera outbreaks who have limited access to potable water and medical care; travellers for whom the vaccination would be considered potentially beneficial, such as chronic medical conditions. The U.S. CDC recommends the cholera vaccine for travellers who are 18-64 years of age and who plan to travel to areas of active cholera transmission. CDC notes that most travellers do not travel to areas of active cholera transmission, and that safe food and water practices can prevent many cholera infections.

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities, rural areas, or staying with friends and family.

狂犬病疫苗

Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.

黃熱病疫苗

There is a risk of yellow fever transmission in this country. This country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for any traveller one year of age or older. It is recommended that all travellers 9 months of age and older have the yellow fever vaccination.

Democratic Republic of the Congo - Kinshasa的推薦藥物

對於一些旅行者

抗瘧藥

Anti-malaria medication is recommended for travellers. Recommended medications are atovaquone/proguanil, doxycycline, or mefloquine. Anti-malaria drug resistance to chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine has been reported.

Democratic Republic of the Congo - Kinshasa要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Hepatitis B

There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in the DRC.

Hepatitis A

There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in the DRC.

Dengue Fever

Dengue fever occurs in this country. All travelers to dengue infested areas are at risk.

Chikungunya Fever

Chikungunya fever has occurred in this country.

Cholera

There is a risk of cholera in the DRC. The disease is caused by contaminated food and water and it can cause severe watery diarrhoea. However, most travelers are at low risk.

對於一些旅行者

Leishmaniasis

There is a risk of acquiring Leishmaniasis in the country. The infection is transmitted by the bite of infected phlebotomine sandfly.

Zika Fever

There is an increased risk of this disease in this country.

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring hantavirus in DRC through contaminated food or by coming into contact with someone infected with the virus.

Monkeypox

There is a risk of monkeypox in the country. The disease can be caused by being scratched or bitten by an infected animal (a rodent or primate), or touching animal products, including skins and meat and being near an infected person who is coughing or sneezing.

African Tick Bite Fever

There is an increased risk of this disease in this country.

West Nile Fever

The virus is transmitted to animals, birds and humans by mosquitoes. Symptoms include fever, headache, tiredness, body aches, nausea, and skin rash.

Rift Valley Fever (RVF)

Commonly spread via contact with domesticated animals infected with the virus. These include cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and camels, among others.

Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever

There is a risk of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic fever in DRC.

Marburg Haemorrhagic Fever

Marburg hemorrhagic fever is caused by touching infected animals or their body fluids ; touching body fluids (blood or sweat) from an infected person or objects contaminated with the body fluids of a person infected with Ebola or Marburg virus.

Ebola Viral Disease

There is a risk of ebola in DRC. Ebola is caused by coming into contact with the body fluids from an infected person (alive or dead), such as blood, urine, saliva, and sweat, among others. Medical equipment contaminated with the boly fluids of an infected person or a person who died of Ebola or Marburg also cause the disease.

Plague

There is a risk of acquiring Plague in DRC. The disease is caused by a bacteria that can infect both people and animals. People get plague after being bitten by infected fleas, handling an infected animal, or breathing in infectious droplets from an infected person or animal.

Polio

There is a risk of acquiring Polio in the country and is transmitted from one person to another when droplets from a sneeze or cough of an infected person gets into the mouth of another person.

Malaria

Malaria risk exists throughout the year in all areas of the country.

Yellow Fever

There is a risk of yellow fever transmission in this country. This country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for any traveller one year of age or older. It is recommended that all travellers 9 months of age and older have the yellow fever vaccination.

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in the DRC, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas and staying with friends or relatives.

Meningitis

Epidemics of meningitis may occur in this country during the dry season (January to February and May to September). Travellers with prolonged contact with the local population are especially at risk.

Sleeping Sickness (Type 1)

African trypanosomiasis (“sleeping sickness”) occurs in this country. Travellers to urban areas are not at risk.

Schistosomiasis

This disease is present in this country and is acquired through contact with fresh water, such as swimming, bathing, or rafting. Well-chlorinated swimming pools and contact with saltwater in oceans or seas will not put travellers at risk for schistosomiasis.

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis occurs in this country. Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.

Rabies

Rabies occurs in DRC.Bats may also carry rabies-like viruses. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

Democratic Republic of the Congo - Kinshasa中的安全性

人身安全

犯罪仍然是該國持續關注的問題。金沙薩和盧本巴希經常發生暴力搶劫，尤其是在飯店、超市和商業區附近。有組織的團體使用各種手段引誘受害者，包括安排兒童、提供假黃金或鑽石，或冒充保全人員。作為外國人，您面臨更高的被盯上的風險。全國各地都設置了警察和軍隊的路障，貢貝、利梅特、恩加巴、金坦博、恩加利馬、恩吉利和恩加富拉山等地區的夜間檢查站數量增加。犯罪者有時會冒充警察或軍事人員，在假路障處搶劫旅客。該國收容了超過50萬難民，但同時也面臨極度貧窮。普遍的社會排斥和健康風險使得攻擊和搶劫更加頻繁，尤其是在農村地區。任意拘留構成了額外的風險。當局很少在外國人被拘留時通知大使館，即使提出領事探視請求，也並非總是能獲得批准。拍攝政府或軍事建築、邊境和軍事設施均屬違法行為，並可能被逮捕。 2025年1月，隨著東部衝突升級，金沙薩多個大使館外爆發大規模暴力抗議活動，引發槍戰，保全力量也加強。

極端暴力

東部省份面臨多個團體捲入的嚴重武裝衝突。根據政府數據，自 2025 年 1 月 M23 佔領戈馬和南北基伍省其他主要城市以來，已有 7,000 多人喪生。衝突涉及盧安達支持的 M23 武裝團體、剛果軍隊以及在該地區活動的各種民兵聯盟。武裝團體繼續實施屠殺、強姦、招募兒童和搶劫。與伊斯蘭國有關的民主同盟軍經常在北基伍省和伊圖裡省發動攻擊，主要針對農村，但也攻擊酒吧、禮拜場所、市場和車隊。 2024 年 6 月，民主同盟軍在貝尼和盧貝羅地區發動兩起攻擊，造成 200 多名平民死亡。 CODECO 武裝分子在伊圖裡省活動，攻擊平民和流離失所者營地。 2025年2月，科特迪瓦合作組織（CODECO）的攻擊造成至少55人死亡。衝突各方在人口稠密地區使用具有大範圍殺傷力的爆炸性武器。 2024年1月至7月期間，M23運動和剛果軍隊向人口稠密地區發射了150多次爆炸性武器。 2024年5月，對流離失所者營地的火箭攻擊造成至少18名平民死亡，其中包括15名兒童。流離失所者營地經常成為攻擊目標，重型砲火襲擊了避難所和供水設施。 2025年1月至3月期間，戈馬一家醫院收治了1,400多名傷員，其中300多人被爆炸裝置炸傷。這場衝突導致該國730萬人流離失所，他們被迫進入經常遭受武裝攻擊的營地。戰爭遺留爆炸物污染了許多地區，尤其是在北基伍省和薩凱省，平民在日常活動中接觸未爆炸彈藥會造成傷亡。

政治動盪

2023年12月總統大選後，政治緊張局勢加劇。當局在2024年全年鎮壓反對派成員、記者和民間社會活動家。一名記者在2023-2024年期間因莫須有的罪名被判入獄六個月。 2024年，與武裝衝突有關的抗議活動在全國爆發，包括在金沙薩。 2025年1月28日，由於剛果民主共和國東部的戰鬥，金沙薩的大使館遭到大規模暴力抗議。示威者縱火焚燒法國、盧安達和比利時的外交官邸。美國、肯亞和烏幹達大使館也遭到攻擊。抗議者投擲石塊、攻擊車輛、設置路障並在城市各處縱火。市場和超市遭到洗劫。執法部門發射了催淚瓦斯並鳴槍示警。這些抗議活動導致零星示威活動持續存在，並可能引發槍擊事件。由於國際社會對M23運動的推進不作為，反西方情緒日益高漲。針對聯合國駐剛果穩定特派團（MONUSCO）維和部隊的抗議活動已經爆發，2024年2月，英國大使館和其他西方國家大使館外爆發了大規模示威活動。不排除未來還會爆發針對外國人或聯合國駐地的抗議活動。政治局勢依然脆弱，並可能迅速惡化。齊塞克迪總統於2024年10月宣布，他計劃修改2006年憲法，此舉引發民間社會警告，稱此舉可能進一步破壞國家穩定。在動亂期間，商業航班和邊境口岸可能會在幾乎未通知的情況下暫停，限制公民離開。安全措施會定期加強，包括車輛檢查和搜查，尤其是在金沙薩的貢貝地區。

應避免的區域

南北基伍省面臨極度危險。 M23運動於2025年1月攻佔戈馬，並持續控制大片地區。儘管2025年2月和7月簽署了停火協議，但M23、剛果武裝部隊和盟軍民兵之間的戰鬥仍在持續。砲擊和爆炸性武器在人口稠密地區頻繁出現。流離失所者營地已被拆除，迫使數十萬人陷入岌岌可危的住房狀況。伊圖裡省持續發生涉及剛果民主共和國民主合作組織（CODECO）和民主同盟軍（ADF）的武裝衝突。針對平民的攻擊，包括屠殺和綁架，時有發生。民主同盟軍也在北基伍省廣泛活動，對村莊和城鎮地區發動致命攻擊。坦噶尼喀省存在種族衝突和民兵活動。上洛馬米省持續發生暴力犯罪，包括伏擊、搶劫和綁架旅行者。開賽省的三個省份都經歷了武裝衝突和部落暴力衝突。旅客曾在這些地區遭到伏擊和綁架。由於武裝團體活動和跨境暴力事件頻繁，請避開中非共和國邊境50公里範圍內的地區。由於普遍存在的不安全和混亂局面，應避免前往布隆迪、烏幹達和盧安達邊境的入境點。這些邊境可能隨時關閉。金沙薩南部的恩吉利區和金班塞克區安全風險較高。金沙薩省門考和肯格之間的N1公路尤其危險。邁恩東貝省和喬波省的部落間暴力事件頻傳，造成人員傷亡和流離失所。即使在金沙薩，包括與N1凱旋公路接壤的卡薩武佈區在內的某些地區也有較高的風險。大多數受衝突影響地區都存在行動限制和動盪的安全局勢。