Croatia
關於Croatia
| 貨幣 | Kuna (HRK) |
| 語言 | Croatian |
| 資本金 | Zagreb |
The Republic of Croatia is located in central and southeastern Europe, bordering on the Adriatic Sea. The population is approximately 4.4 million people. Neighbouring countries include Slovenia, Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, and Montenegro. The government is a parliamentary republic with a president as chief of state and a prime minister as head of government.
Croatia declared its independence from the former Yugoslavia in 1991. The Croatian War of Independence subsequently broke out, and in the following four years, there was bitter fighting with Serbia in the former Yugoslavia. The war ended in Croatian victory, and in 1998, under the supervision of the United Nations, the last Serbian-held area was returned to Croatia.
In 2011, Croatia signed a European Union accession treaty which will lead the way toward full membership on 1 July 2013. In January 2012, Croatian voters voted two to one in a referendum to back joining the European Union.
The return of tourism is one sector that has helped Croatia’s economy. Visitors can enjoy the coastline of the Adriatic Sea, Dubrovnic, monuments, museums, churches, and other historic sites. There are seven UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Croatia.
Croatia的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
乙肝疫苗
There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
麻疹,腮腺炎,風疹(MMR)疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
ick蟲腦炎疫苗
There is a risk of Tick-Borne Encephalitis in some areas of this country. The transmission season varies, however, ticks are most active during early spring to late autumn.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
Croatia的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對Croatia的建議。
Croatia要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis B
There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Croatia.
Hepatitis A
There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Croatia through contaminated food or water. Infection can still occur at tourist destinations and resorts.
對於一些旅行者
Measles
There is a risk of Measles in this country, especially in infants aged 6 to 11 months.
Leishmaniasis
There is a risk of acquiring Leishmaniasis in this country through sand fly bites, particularly between dusk to dawn. Adventure tourists, outdoor athletes, or humanitarian aid workers are at a higher risk.
Tuberculosis
Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the healthcare field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.
Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever
There is a risk of acquiring Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever in this country through specific insect, bug or tick bites or by coming in close contact with a person or animal infected with this disease. Travellers involved in activities like hiking, camping, working with animals, and visiting farms and forested areas are at a higher risk. There are no vaccinations (or medications) to prevent Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Tick-Borne Encephalitis
**There is a risk of exposure during outdoor activities in areas of vegetation. Ticks are usually most active between early spring and late autumn. The main affected areas are the counties of Koprivnicko-krizevacka, Medimurska, and Bjelovarsko-bilogorska.**
Rabies
Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.
Croatia中的安全性
人身安全
克羅埃西亞在2024年全球和平指數中排名第15位,是歐洲最安全的國家之一。犯罪率低,暴力犯罪罕見。扒手主要發生在夏季旅遊旺季,例如杜布羅夫尼克老城區、斯普利特渡輪碼頭和薩格勒布等遊客密集的旅遊區。遊客在某些紳士俱樂部被嚴重多收錢,有時高達數千歐元,並被威脅如果拒絕支付將遭受暴力侵害。有報案稱,計程車上曾發生性侵害事件。乘車前拍攝計程車資訊並告知他人可降低風險。請完全避開這些俱樂部,使用在克羅埃西亞運營的官方計程車應用程序,例如Uber或Bolt。一些車主和計程車司機試圖對遊客的基本服務收取過高費用。請根據克羅埃西亞法律要求索取收據。車主經常對咖啡或飲料等簡單物品多收錢。據報道,在外國人經常光顧的酒吧和餐廳中,曾發生過涉及免費飲料和在飲料中添加氟硝西泮等物質的詐騙事件。切勿將飲料無人看管,並觀察飲料的製作過程。在比賽期間,尤其是德比戰期間,請避開足球場附近的場地,因為敵對球迷之間經常發生暴力衝突。當地駕駛可能會比較激進,即使在盲角或狹窄道路上也經常超車。
極端暴力
克羅埃西亞的恐怖主義威脅幾乎不存在。根據克羅埃西亞安全情報局的報告,目前克羅埃西亞沒有已知的恐怖威脅。該國近期沒有恐怖主義歷史,但也不能完全排除攻擊的可能性。 2022年,一系列針對公共機構和購物中心的炸彈威脅被證實為騙局。由於克羅埃西亞在全球政治中的作用有限,且很少捲入國際衝突,因此對恐怖分子來說並非一個有趣的目標。克羅埃西亞發生槍枝暴力的風險非常低。取得武器需要經過多個步驟,包括醫療評估、心理評估和背景調查。被控暴力犯罪的人將自動被禁止獲得許可證。謀殺案非常罕見。暴力犯罪率在歐洲處於最低水準。針對遊客的暴力犯罪幾乎是聞所未聞。綁架事件並不常見,綁架者的目標是當地人而不是外國人。最可能的類型是機會主義綁架勒索或快速綁架,受害者通常很快就會毫髮無傷地被釋放。敵對犯罪集團之間的暴力衝突可能涉及炸彈和槍枝攻擊,但這些攻擊針對的是犯罪組織成員,而不是一般民眾。
政治動盪
克羅埃西亞的民間騷亂相對罕見,示威活動通常和平進行。 2024年2月,數千人聚集在薩格勒布,抗議政府任命和腐敗,反對黨則要求舉行選舉。以當地標準來看,此次動員吸引了數千人參加。此外,也發生了針對殺害女性和性別暴力的抗議活動。退伍軍人偶爾也會舉行示威活動。克羅埃西亞族多數族群和塞爾維亞少數族群之間的種族緊張關係持續存在,並會定期升級為騷亂。足球慶祝活動容易演變成暴力事件,尤其是在德比戰期間。大多數大型集會和公共活動,包括體育賽事,都極為安全和平。遊客應避開示威活動和政治集會,因為它們偶爾會演變成暴力事件。如果附近正在舉行活動,請遵循當地政府的指示。抗議活動通常受到良好的監管,對遠離相關區域的遊客構成的直接威脅極小。
應避免的區域
卡爾洛瓦茨縣和利卡-塞尼縣因地雷隱患需要加強警覺。據克羅埃西亞政府稱,約24.5平方公里的土地可能埋有地雷。截至2023年底,4個縣和21個市鎮仍有約10,000枚未爆炸的地雷。受影響地區包括東斯拉沃尼亞、布羅德斯科-波薩夫斯卡縣、卡爾洛瓦茨縣、扎達爾縣以及十六湖國家公園的偏遠地區。這些地區大多是茂密的森林、崎嶇的地形、林地、農田、草地和牧場。 1991-1995年戰爭期間,前線埋設了地雷。超過4,000個警示標誌使用國際地雷標誌標記可疑區域,該標誌為紅色倒三角形內含骷髏和交叉骨頭。標誌為長方形,白色,印有克羅埃西亞語。掃雷工作正在進行中,國家目標是在2026年底前徹底清除所有地雷。在這些地區,請勿在未開墾的土地上行走或離開標記的道路。對於大多數旅客來說,風險很小,因為危險區域通常遠離主要旅遊景點。在薩格勒布,公車總站及其周邊地區發生輕微犯罪的風險較高。天黑後請避開里布尼亞克公園和托米斯拉夫國王廣場。斯普利特和杜布羅夫尼克古城的街道和小巷如同迷宮般狹窄,夜間光線昏暗。