Slovakia
關於Slovakia
| 貨幣 | Euro (EUR) |
| 語言 | Slovak |
| 資本金 | Bratislava |
The Slovak Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe south of Poland. This country, with a population of over 5 million people, shares borders with Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Ukraine. The government is a parliamentary democracy with a president as chief of state and a prime minister as head of government.
The area of Slovakia was under the control of the Hungarians from the early tenth century until 1918. After World War I, when the Austro-Hungarian Empire was defeated, the Czechs and the Slovaks were united to form the nation of Czechoslovakia. In 1939, Slovakia became independent and allied with Hitler. After World War II, Czechoslovakia was re-formed, and in 1948 fell to the Communists.
Communist rule ended in 1989 with the “Velvet Revolution.” In 1993, after the peaceful “Velvet Divorce,” the country again divided into the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic. Slovakia became a member of the Economic Union (EU) and NATO in 2004.
For the traveller, Slovakia has mountains and ski resorts, caves and caverns, spas, and medieval towns and castles. There are five Slovak caves that are designated with UNESCO World Heritage Site status.
Slovakia的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
乙肝疫苗
There is a moderate risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
ick蟲腦炎疫苗
Travellers are at risk via exposure to ticks during outdoor activities in areas of vegetation (gardens, parks, forest fringes, meadows and marshes). Campers, hikers, bikers, and adventure travellers should consider obtaining a vaccination against this disease.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) and who may have direct contact with rabid wild animals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
Slovakia的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對Slovakia的建議。
Slovakia要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis B
There is a moderate risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Slovakia.
Hepatitis A
There is a low risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Slovakia through contaminated food or water. Infection can still occur at tourist destinations and resorts.
對於一些旅行者
Measles
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
Tuberculosis
Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the healthcare field, or having close prolonged contact with an infected person.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Tick-Borne Encephalitis
There is a possible risk of tick-borne encephalitis throughout the country. The transmission season varies, however, and ticks are most active during early spring to late autumn (March to November). Vaccination may be considered for travellers whose planned outdoor activities put them at risk.
Rabies
Rabies has been reported only in wild animals in Slovakia. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid animals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.
Slovakia中的安全性
人身安全
斯洛伐克對遊客來說是一個相對安全的國家。與許多其他歐洲目的地相比，斯洛伐克的犯罪率較低，暴力犯罪也十分罕見。扒手和搶包是主要問題，尤其是在布拉迪斯拉發的擁擠旅遊區、火車站、聖誕節市場和公共交通工具上。竊賊通常結夥犯案，或利用兒童分散注意力。布拉迪斯拉發的一些夜總會，尤其是在舊城區步行區附近，與組織犯罪有關。這些場所涉嫌在酒水中下藥、虛報帳單，以及強迫受害者在被下藥後從自動櫃員機提款。計程車司機有時會透過未經授權的附加費或不使用計價器來向遊客多收錢。請務必堅持使用計價器或事先商定價格，並使用有執照的計程車或共乘應用程式。您必須始終攜帶實體護照，因為電子護照不符合法律要求。未能出示身分證明的遊客將被警方處以最高1,600歐元的罰款。斯洛伐克對駕駛者的血液酒精含量實施零限制。體內任何酒精都可能導致最高1300歐元的罰款、駕照被沒收或監禁。晚上10點至早上6點之間吵鬧或不守規矩的行為可能導致罰款或逮捕。在布拉迪斯拉發老城區，在街上飲酒是違法的，罰款33歐元。一些遊客，尤其是有色人種或亞裔，報告稱曾經遭遇不必要的注視或偶爾的種族騷擾，儘管這些事件在主要旅遊區並不常見。
極端暴力
斯洛伐克的暴力犯罪很少見，尤其對遊客而言。謀殺率為每十萬人1.37人。除偶爾發生的有組織犯罪事件外，槍支暴力並不常見。全國每年發生約1.5萬起影響受害者健康的暴力犯罪案件，但這些案件主要涉及當地人而非遊客。針對遊客的搶劫極為罕見。 2022年10月，布拉迪斯拉發一家LGBTQ酒吧發生攻擊，造成兩人死亡，被列為恐怖主義行為。這起事件是斯洛伐克首例現代恐怖主義案件，涉及一名具有加速主義意識形態的極右翼極端分子。在此之前，斯洛伐克近期沒有恐怖主義歷史。該國與大多數歐洲國家一樣，面臨低程度的恐怖主義風險。國內外有組織犯罪組織在斯洛伐克活動，但暴力事件仍罕見。斯洛伐克黑手黨主要集中在安保業務、建築、餐飲和夜總會。他們的活動受到更強大的俄羅斯、烏克蘭、車臣和巴爾幹半島犯罪集團的限制，這些犯罪集團控制著大部分海洛因貿易。
政治動盪
自 2024 年 12 月以來，斯洛伐克的大規模抗議活動日益頻繁。總理羅伯特·菲佐訪問莫斯科與弗拉基米爾·普丁會晤後，示威活動開始爆發。布拉迪斯拉發和其他城市經常發生抗議活動，數萬人參加。光是 2025 年 1 月的示威活動就在布拉迪斯拉發吸引了超過 6 萬人參加。抗議者反對政府的親俄政策，包括終止對烏克蘭的軍事援助、反對歐盟對俄羅斯的製裁以及斯洛伐克可能退出歐盟和北約的暗示。抗議活動已從主要城市蔓延到傳統上支持執政黨的地區。政府於 2024 年 6 月批准措施，禁止在政府大樓和總統官邸 50 公尺範圍內舉行抗議活動，招致反對派團體和國際特赦組織的批評。斯洛伐克的示威活動基本上保持和平，但任何集會都有可能升級。政治局勢依然動盪，親歐反對派運動與現任政府之間的緊張關係持續存在。抗議活動可能毫無預警地爆發。 2018年，調查記者揚·庫恰克（Jan Kuciak）遇害引發大規模抗議，迫使前政府辭職，斯洛伐克經歷了重大政治動盪。 2024年5月，總理菲佐（Fico）遭到暗殺。
應避免的區域
斯洛伐克沒有遊客需要完全避開的持續危險區域。布拉迪斯拉發比該國其他地區需要更加謹慎。在首都布拉迪斯拉發，多瑙河右岸的佩特扎爾卡 (Petrzalka) 街區犯罪率較高。這個大型住宅區曾被稱為“布拉迪斯拉發布朗克斯”，以犯罪和販毒而聞名，儘管情況有所改善。布拉迪斯拉發奧布喬德納街 (Obchodna Street) 附近地區治安狀況良好，尤其是在周五和周六晚上。這條靠近舊城區的街道曾發生過醉酒人群聚集、鬥毆和危險行為等事件。警方已增加警力，但天黑後最好避開該地區。魯日諾夫區 (Ruzinov)，尤其是公車站和火車站附近，存在一些風險。布拉迪斯拉發和科希策的一些外圍街區貧困率較高，可能會讓人感到不自在，但這些地方通常不是遊客會去的地方。布拉迪斯拉發的老城區、城堡山和河畔地區治安良好，即使在夜間也很安全。斯洛伐克的科希策等區域性城市通常安全且輕鬆。從犯罪率來看，斯洛伐克的鄉村和山區極為安全。在高塔特拉山徒步旅行時，主要擔心的是天氣問題，而不是犯罪。由於積雪、冰凍和雪崩風險，某些海拔以上的山路會在11月1日至6月15日關閉。山區遊客偶爾會遇到熊和狼，但熊很少接近人類。如果您需要斯洛伐克山區救援服務的協助，預計費用高達1000歐元。
