North Korea
關於North Korea
| 貨幣 | DPKR won ( KPW) |
| 語言 | Korean |
| 資本金 | Pyongyang |
The Democratic People’s Republic of North Korea is located in East Asia and the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. North Korea shares borders with China, Russia, South Korea, and is flanked by the Korea Bay on the west and the Sea of Japan on the East. The estimated population of 25 million people is governed by a hereditary dictatorship, with a “supreme leader.” A legislative branch, the Supreme People’s Assembly, is led by a chairman and a cabinet that is led by the premier.
Following the surrender of Japan at the end of World War II, the Korean Peninsula was divided into North Korea and South Korea. It was the Soviet-sponsored Provisional People’s Committee for North Korea, led by Kim Il-Sung, that eventually evolved into today’s hereditary dictatorship. In 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea, starting the Korean War. This war ended in 1953 with no peace agreement, and tension between the two countries remains high. North Korea’s isolationist policies continue to restrict economic growth, although the country has set up specially-designated regions to experiment with private capitalism.
Tourism within North Korea is severely restricted, and travellers are not allowed to tour independently. All tours are conducted under strict supervision from government-approved guides. Those who manage to secure a state-sanctioned tour will live a history lesson, as seen from North Korea, as well as a fascinating glimpse of a nearly-isolated society.
North Korea的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
乙肝疫苗
There is a risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to hepatitis A in this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended. Infants 6 to 11 months old should also be vaccinated against the disease.
對於一些旅行者
麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗
One dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) is recommended to infants 6 to 11 months prior to international travel.
卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗
A BCG vaccine is recommended for all unvaccinated adults and children under 16 years of age, staying in the country for more than 3 months. A tuberculin skin test is required prior to administering vaccination for all children from 6 years of age.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
傷寒疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities, rural areas, or staying with friends and family.
日本腦炎疫苗
The vaccine is recommended for long-term travellers (e.g., trips lasting a month or more) to endemic areas during Japanese encephalitis virus transmission season. Consider the vaccine for the following groups: Short-term (less than 1 month) travellers to endemic areas during transmission season if their itinerary or activities will increase their risk (e.g. spending substantial time outdoors in rural or agricultural areas; staying in accommodations without air conditioning, screens or bed nets.)
黃熱病疫苗
There is no risk of yellow fever in this country. However, North Korea requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers 1 year of age and older arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
North Korea的推薦藥物
對於一些旅行者
抗瘧藥
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends atovaquone-proguanil, chloroquine, doxycycline, mefloquine or primaquine. NaTHNaC states that there is a very low risk of malaria in some southern areas of North Korea, and awareness of risk and mosquito bite avoidance are recommended. CDC states that malaria is present in southern provinces (not named) and malaria medication is recommended. WHO states that limited malaria risk exists in some southern areas, and no malaria medications are recommended.
North Korea要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis B
There is a risk for acquiring hepatitis B in this country.
Hepatitis A
There is a risk of exposure to hepatitis A virus in this country through contaminated food or water.
對於一些旅行者
Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever
There is a risk of acquiring the Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic fever in North Korea.
Scrub Typhus
Scrub typhus generally occurs year-round in areas of North Korea.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring hantavirus in North Korea through contaminated food or by coming into contact with someone infected with the virus.
Measles
There is a risk of exposure to measles in the country.
Chikungunya Fever
Chikungunya fever has occurred in this country.
Leishmaniasis
There is a risk of acquiring Leishmaniasis in the country.
Japanese encephalitis
There is a risk of exposure to Japanese encephalitis in North Korea. Outdoor activity in rural areas will increase this risk.
Malaria
Malaria is present in southern provinces.
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis occurs in this country. Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.
Yellow Fever
There is no risk of yellow fever in this country. However, North Korea requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers 1 year of age and older arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Typhoid Fever
Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in North Korea, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where water and food may not be safe.
Rabies
Rabies occurs in this country. Bats may also carry rabies-like viruses. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.
North Korea中的安全性
人身安全
你的行動將完全由政府指派的導遊控制，他們將全程陪同你。禁止自由行，你必須參加經國家旅遊局批准的旅行團。當局透過監視、房間搜查和通訊監控等方式嚴密監視所有外國人。一些外國人因在其他國家被視為輕微違法行為而被拘留，包括未經授權拍照、持有違禁物品或被視為不尊重政權的行為。如果你涉嫌違反當地法律，你將面臨沒有律師陪同的審訊，甚至可能被判入獄。自2024年初以來，除部分俄羅斯遊客和有限區域的短暫開放外，邊境基本上對旅遊業關閉。包括英國大使館在內的大多數西方國家大使館仍然關閉，領事協助受到嚴重限製或無法提供。由於網路存取和國際電話通話受到限制，與外界的溝通極為困難。
極端暴力
針對外國遊客的暴力犯罪在傳統意義上幾乎不存在。該國保持嚴格的社會管控，遊客始終受到導遊的監督。然而，2023年的報告顯示，一般民眾的暴力犯罪大幅增加，韓國情報部門指出，由於糧食短缺和經濟壓力，暴力犯罪比前一年增加了兩倍。政府不公佈傳統的犯罪統計數據。平壤機場曾發生小偷小摸事件，但由於嚴格的監控和控制，影響遊客的街頭犯罪仍然很少見。主要威脅來自國家本身，而非犯罪者。截至2023年，當局維持關押約12萬人的政治犯集中營，並對各種罪行執行公開處決。拘留設施內部系統性地存在酷刑和強迫勞動。該政權對政治犯罪施以嚴厲懲罰，包括試圖離開該國、批評領導人或持有外國媒體。
政治動盪
根據 1953 年簽訂的停戰協定，北韓在技術上仍與南韓處於戰爭狀態。朝鮮半島的緊張局勢仍然很高，安全局勢可能在沒有事先警告的情況下迅速變化。平壤的日常生活可能看起來很平靜，但當局沒有為遊客提供緊急警報系統，您無法獲得有關內部政治發展的可靠資訊。 2024 年 1 月，領導人金正恩宣布韓國為最敵對國家，並呼籲修改憲法，刪除有關統一的提法。該國在 2023 年和 2024 年進行了多次飛彈試驗，並於 2023 年 11 月成功發射了一顆偵察衛星。自 2024 年以來，北韓已向俄羅斯派遣數千名士兵參與烏克蘭作戰，這代表著重大的外國軍事接觸。極權主義制度不會發生其他國家所理解的民間騷亂。任何對政治領袖或體制的批評都被視為嚴重犯罪。取得國際新聞的管道受到嚴格限制，現有資訊不可靠。 2023 年《平壤文化語言保護法》將韓國語言風格定為犯罪，最高可判處死刑。
應避免的區域
您只能參觀經政府指派的導遊批准的區域。遊客不得在沒有導遊陪同的情況下在指定旅遊區域外旅行。禁止任何形式的獨立探索。即使是平壤居民也需要特別許可才能前往首都以外的地方。對於遊客來說，歷史上典型的可進入區域包括平壤、非軍事區邊境地區以及金剛山等特定地點。然而，在 2025 年初短暫重新開放之後，只有東北部的羅先經濟特區對非俄羅斯遊客開放，之後於 2025 年 3 月再次關閉邊境。非軍事區是一條 4 公里寬的緩衝區，分隔南北韓，偶爾會發生軍事事件。沿海地區被視為敏感地區，從海上靠近的船隻有被扣留或遭到砲擊的風險。攝影受到嚴格限制，拍照前必須隨時徵得許可。拍攝指定公共旅遊景點以外的任何事物都是違法的。未經授權拍照可視為間諜活動。道、縣和鎮入境處的軍事檢查站要求出示身分證明。未經授權與北韓公民交談將被視為間諜活動，自2024年起將受到相應處罰。
