Mozambique

Mozambique的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

乙肝疫苗

There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

甲型肝炎疫苗

There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

對於一些旅行者

霍亂疫苗

The U.K. NaTHNaC recommends the oral cholera vaccine for some travellers whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk, travelling to areas of active cholera transmission. These risk factors include: aid workers; those going to areas of cholera outbreaks who have limited access to potable water and medical care; travellers for whom the vaccination would be considered potentially beneficial, such as chronic medical conditions. The U.S. CDC recommends the cholera vaccine for travellers who are 18-64 years of age and who plan to travel to areas of active cholera transmission. CDC notes that most travellers do not travel to areas of active cholera transmission, and that safe food and water practices can prevent many cholera infections.

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for all travellers over 6 months of age.

脊髓灰質炎疫苗

Travellers who intend to visit this country for 4 weeks or more may be required to show proof of polio vaccination taken 4 weeks to 12 months prior to arrival in the country. Failure to produce this documentation may result in vaccination at the entry ports. Childhood vaccinations, including polio, should be up-to-date prior to travel.

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.

黃熱病疫苗

The yellow fever vaccination is not recommended for this country. However, Mozambique requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for all travellers over 9 months of age arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission. This requirement includes São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, and Tanzania. This requirement excludes Argentina, French Guiana, Paraguay, and South Sudan.

狂犬病疫苗

Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.

Mozambique的推薦藥物

對於一些旅行者

抗瘧藥

Anti-malaria medication is recommended for travellers going to Mozambique. Recommended medications are atovaquone/proguanil, doxycycline, or mefloquine. Anti-malaria drug resistance for chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine has been reported.

Mozambique要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Dengue Fever

Dengue fever occurs in this country.

Hepatitis A

There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Mozambique.

Hepatitis B

There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Mozambique.

Chikungunya Fever

Chikungunya fever occurs in this country.

Cholera

Cholera occurs in this country.

對於一些旅行者

Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever

There is a risk of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic fever in this country.

Sleeping Sickness (Type 1)

African trypanosomiasis occurs in this country. Travellers to urban areas are not at risk.

Measles

There is a risk of Measles in this country, especially in infants aged 6 to 11 months.

Leishmaniasis

There is a risk of acquiring Leishmaniasis in this country through sand fly bites, particularly between dusk to dawn. Adventure tourists, outdoor athletes, or humanitarian aid workers are at a higher risk.

West Nile Fever

The virus is transmitted to animals, birds and humans by mosquitoes. Symptoms include fever, headache, tiredness, body aches, nausea, and skin rash.

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.

Rift Valley Fever (RVF)

Sporadic outbreaks of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) may occur in this country. Commonly spread via contact with domesticated animals infected with the virus. These include cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and camels, among others.

Polio

Vaccine-derived poliovirus type 1, type 2 and wild poliovirus type 1 were detected in this country, with the potential risk of global circulation. Unvaccinated or under-vaccinated travellers are at a higher risk if they come in direct contact with an infected person or through contaminated food and water, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas with poor hygiene standards.

Malaria

Malaria risk exists throughout the year in all of Mozambique.

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis occurs in this country. Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Mozambique, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.

African Tick Bite Fever

This disease may occur in this country.

Schistosomiasis

This disease is present in this country and is acquired through contact with fresh water, such as swimming, bathing, or rafting. Well-chlorinated swimming pools and contact with saltwater in oceans or seas will not put travellers at risk for schistosomiasis.

Yellow Fever

There is no risk of yellow fever transmission in this country. However, Mozambique requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for all travellers over 9 months of age arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission. This requirement includes São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, and Tanzania. This requirement excludes Argentina, French Guiana, Paraguay, and South Sudan.

Rabies

Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

Mozambique中的安全性

人身安全

莫三比克各地武裝搶劫和劫車事件頻繁，尤其是在馬普托和主要城市中心。犯罪者以外國人為目標，經常結夥犯案，有時還會使用槍枝和刀具。據報道，馬普託的餐廳和咖啡館在天黑後遭到團夥襲擊。綁架勒索事件在全國各地時有發生，當地人和外國人均受影響。馬普托、索法拉、貝拉和德爾加杜角省存在此類風險，商人和南亞裔群體尤其容易成為綁架目標。 2024年，超過100名商人因擔心綁架而逃離莫三比克。搶劫行李和扒手等輕微犯罪十分普遍，尤其是在繁華地段、市場和旅遊景點。犯罪者專門瞄準天黑後獨自行走的人。海灘和近海島嶼缺乏警力。假日和夜間犯罪率上升。警察貪腐現象嚴重，據報導檢查站有騷擾、恐嚇和索賄行為。外國人必須隨身攜帶護照，因為全國各地都有檢查站。

極端暴力

與伊斯蘭國有關的伊斯蘭叛亂分子在德爾加杜角省活動，攻擊蔓延至楠普拉省和尼亞薩省的鄰近地區。這場衝突始於 2017 年 10 月，已造成 6,200 多人死亡，110 多萬人流離失所。武裝分子使用槍枝、砍刀和爆炸物攻擊平民、安全部隊和村莊。斬首、綁架和焚燒房屋的事件時有發生。在受影響地區，攻擊幾乎每天都在發生。叛亂已擴展到德爾加杜角 17 個區中的 16 個，只有省會彭巴尚未受到攻擊。 2021 年，帕爾馬發生的大規模襲擊造成數十人死亡。 2025 年的最近襲擊針對了莫辛博阿達普拉亞，造成至少 6 人死亡叛亂迫使道達爾能源公司（TotalEnergies）於2021年暫停了一項耗資200億美元的天然氣項目。安全部隊對偏遠地區的攻擊反應往往遲緩。來自盧安達及其地區夥伴的外國軍隊已部署到位，但尚未消除威脅。

政治動盪

2024 年 10 月，莫三比克舉行了有爭議的選舉，隨後爆發了大規模抗議活動。示威活動於 2024 年 10 月 21 日開始，起因是反對黨候選人韋南西奧·蒙德拉內對選舉結果提出異議。根據民間組織報告，2024 年 10 月 21 日至 2025 年 1 月 16 日期間，有 300 多人死亡，3,000 多人受傷。安全部隊對抗議者使用了實彈、催淚瓦斯和橡皮子彈。暴力事件導致兒童和旁觀者死亡。抗議活動阻塞了全國各地的主要道路、收費站和過境點。財產破壞和路障擾亂了機場和供應鏈。由於動亂，政府損失了約 420 億梅蒂卡爾的收入。儘管抗議活動仍在繼續，丹尼爾·查波仍於 2025 年 1 月 15 日就任總統。雖然自 2025 年初以來，抗議活動的頻率和嚴重程度有所下降，但仍有可能在短時間內爆發進一步的示威活動。即使是和平抗議也可能迅速演變為暴力事件。公路收費站尤其容易受到抗議活動的影響。邊境通行以及公共服務和交通都可能在毫無預警的情況下受到影響。在危機的關鍵時刻，網路受到了限制。

應避免的區域

由於恐怖主義和持續的叛亂，請勿前往德爾加杜角省。除了彭巴省外，整個省都面臨與伊斯蘭國有關的武裝分子的極端威脅，該省仍然容易受到攻擊。由於叛亂分子襲擊來自德爾加杜角省的蔓延，請避開楠普拉省的埃拉蒂和門巴地區。由於恐怖主義和暴力犯罪，請避開尼亞薩省的馬魯帕和梅庫拉地區。尼亞薩特別保護區也面臨恐怖主義威脅。避免在薩韋河和穆克松格之間的 EN1 公路以及戈龍戈薩和卡亞之間行駛。避免在貝拉和希莫尤之間的 EN6 公路上行駛，因為那裡有針對平民和安全部隊的車輛武裝襲擊。這些襲擊自 2019 年 8 月以來一直發生。在萊邦博/科馬蒂波特邊境要格外小心，那裡的長時間延誤為犯罪分子瞄準旅客和車輛創造了機會。避開偏僻的地方和海灘，因為那裡沒有警察。不要獨自在荒涼的地方行走，尤其是在天黑之後，即使是在觀光區。一些城市街區比其他街區更危險，因此請諮詢當地人，以了解哪些區域需要避開。索法拉省的道路曾發生武裝攻擊事件，需要格外警惕。