Cuba
關於Cuba
| 貨幣 | National peso and Convertible peso (CUP and CUC) |
| 語言 | Spanish |
| 資本金 | Havana |
The Republic of Cuba is a country located in the Caribbean, the largest island of the West Indies. Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico make up the Greater Antilles archipelago. The population is approximately 11 million people.
The Government of Cuba is a totalitarian communist state. The current government came to power in 1959 when the lawyer, Fidel Castro, led a socialist revolution against the oppressive dictatorial regime of Fulgencio Batista. Batista fled the country on January 1, 1959, and Castro became the leader. In 2008 Castro stepped down, and his brother, Raul Castro, assumed the presidency.
When relations with the United States soured, Cuba began to receive aid from the Soviet Union. With the collapse of the USSR in 1991, the economy greatly suffered from the loss of the significant financial support that Cuba had received from the USSR. In recent years, tourism has brought some economic relief.
Tourists to Cuba enjoy beautiful beaches, tour Old Havana, walk along the Malecon, visit museums, such as the Museum of the Revolution, and enjoy the music that is pervasive throughout the country.
Cuba的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country. Therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
乙肝疫苗
There is a risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, however, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
傷寒疫苗
Unvaccinated travellers are at risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities, rural areas, or staying with friends and family.
黃熱病疫苗
There is no risk of yellow fever transmission in Cuba. However, Cuba requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers over 9 months of age arriving from countries/territories at risk for yellow fever transmission, and travellers having transited for more than 12 hours through an airport in a country/territory at risk for yellow fever transmission.
Cuba的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對Cuba的建議。
Cuba要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis B
There is a risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country.
Dengue Fever
Dengue fever outbreaks have occured from time to time in Cuba.
Hepatitis A
There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Cuba through contaminated food or water. Infection can still occur at tourist destinations and resorts.
Chikungunya Fever
Chikungunya fever has occurred in Cuba.
對於一些旅行者
Yellow Fever
There is no risk of yellow fever transmission in Cuba. However, Cuba requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers over 9 months of age arriving from countries/territories at risk for yellow fever transmission, and travellers having transited for more than 12 hours through an airport in a country/territory at risk for yellow fever transmission.
Zika Fever
There is transmission of the Zika virus in this country.
Typhoid Fever
Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Cuba. The risk is higher when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.
Rabies
Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.
Cuba中的安全性
人身安全
自2024年以來,由於經濟困難,古巴的機會主義犯罪呈上升趨勢。扒手、搶錢包和劃破行李等輕微犯罪主要針對遊客,尤其是在人潮密集的地區和旅遊區。搶劫案時有發生,尤其是在夜間,包括武裝搶劫和殺人在內的暴力犯罪也增加。犯罪者會冒充旅行社或計程車司機,尤其是在機場和哈瓦那老城區。機場行李托運和住宿處經常發生竊盜事件,私人賓館的風險更高。經濟危機意味著遊客被視為金融目標。哈瓦那每天停電時間長達12小時,其他地區則更長,這為竊盜提供了更多機會。詐騙手法包括多收費、假雪茄和少找零。據報道,快速綁架事件時有發生。手機和筆記型電腦對竊賊尤其有吸引力。搶劫時切勿進行身體抵抗。 2024 年犯罪率較 2023 年上升超過 50%,搶劫案上升 232%,攻擊案上升 97%。夜間請避開光線不足的區域,由於信用卡受理範圍有限,請謹慎攜帶大量現金,並在停電期間妥善保管您的財物。
極端暴力
與其他拉丁美洲國家相比,古巴的暴力犯罪率相對較低,每10萬居民的兇殺率約為4.2至5起。從歷史上看,槍支犯罪幾乎不存在,毒品販運已基本得到遏制,有組織的幫派文化也很少見。然而,自2021年以來,尤其是在經濟危機之後,包括武裝搶劫和兇殺在內的暴力犯罪一直在增加。 2024年,共報告了167起謀殺案,但這僅代表媒體報導的犯罪,可能低估了實際數字。聖地亞哥-德古巴和哈瓦那的謀殺案數量最多。政府在2024年1月承認,聖地牙哥-德古巴的犯罪集團正在民眾中實施恐怖活動。自疫情爆發以來,搶劫案增加,據報道,一些古巴人願意使用暴力來搶劫摩托車、手機或其他貴重物品。針對外國人的性侵犯很少見,但也時有發生,包括在海灘度假村。嚴厲的刑事處罰可以嚇阻針對遊客的犯罪行為,遊客從中受益,但經濟崩潰帶來的絕望情緒也增加了風險。大多數暴力犯罪源自於人際糾紛或家庭暴力,而非針對遊客。旅遊區警力的可見存在可以起到震懾作用,儘管對輕微犯罪的應對措施可能有限。與地區標準相比,遊客安全水準仍然相對較高,但鑑於近期受經濟驅動的犯罪趨勢,有必要提高警覺。
政治動盪
在古巴,和平集會和言論自由不受保障。 2024 年 3 月,由於糧食短缺、停電和經濟危機,古巴聖地牙哥和其他城市爆發了抗議活動,政府的應對措施是限制網路存取並部署警察鎮壓示威活動。政府不容許未經授權的政治示威活動,並使用武力驅散它們。 2021 年 7 月,古巴經歷了自 1959 年革命以來最大規模的抗議活動,導致大規模逮捕,截至 2023 年仍有 700 多人被拘留,許多人面臨最高 25 年的過重監禁。示威活動隨時可能演變為暴力,抗議活動附近的外國人有被古巴當局拘留的風險。自 2024 年 10 月以來的停電引發了抗議活動,政府切斷了網路存取並部署了警察部隊驅散抗議者。當局控制電信,並可能在示威活動之前或期間阻止社交媒體和網路存取。 2024年10月,哈瓦那爆發抗議活動,在全國停電後,人們設置了臨時路障。政府將經濟困難歸咎於美國的製裁,並將抗議者描述為受到外部勢力的影響。任何公開反對政府的人都面臨被任意拘留、未經正當程序起訴和監禁的風險。記錄侵權行為的人權捍衛者遭到騷擾、毆打和監禁。請避免參加所有示威、抗議和大型集會。作為外國人,請勿公開反對古巴政府。請關注當地新聞,了解當地民眾的騷亂情況,儘管官方媒體受國家控制,可能無法準確報導抗議活動。
應避免的區域
古巴沒有特別標示的旅遊危險區域,但不同地區採取了相應的預防措施。在哈瓦那,儘管犯罪率低於拉丁美洲同類城市,但要避開最貧困的街區,並在破敗地區保持謹慎。哈瓦那老城和韋達多在白天和傍晚相對安全,但夜間需要更加警惕。晚上11點後,應避免在任何地區獨自行走。聖地牙哥-德古巴爆發了抗議活動,政府也承認有犯罪集團,因此需要加強警覺。比亞克拉拉省、格拉瑪省、阿爾特米薩省、謝戈德阿維拉省、奧爾金省和聖地牙哥-德古巴的交通事故增加最多。鄉村道路和二級公路狀況不佳,有時甚至無法通行,未設圍籬的牲畜、行人和農用設備構成危險。避開所有軍事區和禁區,因為拍攝這些區域可能會導致間諜指控和監禁。未經許可,請勿拍攝軍事或警察場所、港口、鐵路設施或機場。海灘缺乏持續的救生員服務和警示旗,經常出現強勁的水流和激流。古巴南部海岸的某些魚類可能有毒。哈瓦那以外地區每天停電長達12小時或更長時間,導致竊盜機會增加。偏遠地區有燃料短缺問題,可能導致遊客滯留。旅遊業監理不力,設施和活動的安全檢查不足。