Ukraine
關於Ukraine
| 貨幣 | Hryvnia (UAH) |
| 語言 | Ukrainian |
| 資本金 | Kiev |
Ukraine is located in eastern Europe between Russia on the east and Poland and Romania on the west. Ukraine also has coastline on the Black Sea. The population is approximately 46 million people. Although the official language is Ukrainian, Russian is also widely spoken.
The government of Ukraine is a republic with a president as chief of state and a prime minister as head of government.
Ukraine, one of the original republics of the USSR, gained independence with the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. The economy has struggled with the transition to a market system. Ukraine has great economic potential with a good education system, fertile agricultural land, a highly skilled labour force, and a well-developed heavy industry. However, the country struggles with issues of corruption, lack of law enforcement, excessive government regulation, and resistance to reform.
The government is promoting the development of the tourism sector. Ukraine has over 500 cities with origins dating back more than 900 years. There are thousands of historical monuments, over 600 museums, and many national parks.
Ukraine的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
乙肝疫苗
There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗
BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk from coming in close contact with infected persons or for unvaccinated people, children under 16 years of age, who are going to live in the country for more than 3 months.
麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
ick蟲腦炎疫苗
Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is recommended if travelling in the province of Volyn or where contact with ticks might occur (camping, hiking, outdoor activities) during early spring to late autumn.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
Ukraine的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對Ukraine的建議。
Ukraine要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis A
There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Ukraine through contaminated food or water.
Hepatitis B
There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Ukraine.
對於一些旅行者
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever
There is a risk of acquiring Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever in this country through specific insect, bug or tick bites or by coming in close contact with a person or animal infected with this disease. Travellers involved in activities like hiking, camping, working with animals, and visiting farms and forested areas are at a higher risk. There are no vaccinations (or medications) to prevent Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever.
Measles
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
Tuberculosis
Travellers to Ukraine are at significant risk for tuberculosis, including multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, if visiting friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.
Tick-Borne Encephalitis
There is a risk of Tick-Borne Encephalitis in some areas of this country. The main affected areas are in the province of Volyn. The transmission season varies, however, ticks are most active during early spring to late autumn.
Rabies
Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.
Ukraine中的安全性
人身安全
自 2022 年 2 月俄羅斯全面入侵以來，烏克蘭一直處於戰火紛飛的狀態。 2024 年 12 月至 2025 年 5 月期間，衝突相關暴力事件造成 968 名平民死亡，4,807 人受傷，比前一年增加了 37%。俄羅斯軍隊繼續在烏克蘭各地發動飛彈和無人機攻擊，包括遠離前線的地區。光是 2024 年 9 月，就有超過 1,500 名平民傷亡。這場戰爭除了直接戰鬥外，還帶來了重大安全挑戰，包括身份不明者透過社群媒體招募兒童對烏克蘭目標進行破壞活動。 2024 年家庭暴力案件比 2023 年激增 80%，倖存者超過 5,000 人。大城市的傳統街頭犯罪率仍然溫和。居民通常在白天感覺更安全，但夜間焦慮感會增加。基輔、第聶伯羅和敖德薩等城市地區仍存在財產犯罪和腐敗問題，但與衝突相關的危險相比，暴力犯罪率相對較低。整個國家都處於空襲警報狀態，需要立即進入避難所。戒嚴令實施宵禁、行動限制和加強安全檢查，具體措施因地區而異。
極端暴力
持續的戰爭在烏克蘭各地造成了極端暴力。 2024 年 12 月至 2025 年 5 月期間，俄羅斯武裝部隊處決了至少 35 名被俘的烏克蘭士兵，與 2024 年 8 月以來處決數量的增加相一致。烏克蘭檢察官記錄了自 2022 年以來至少有 147 名烏克蘭囚犯被處決，其中近 90% 發生在 2024 年。針對戰俘的酷刑和性暴力仍然普遍且系統性，95% 的獲釋烏克蘭戰俘報告在被俄羅斯囚禁期間遭受酷刑或虐待。 2024 年 12 月至 2025 年 5 月期間，俄羅斯軍隊直接襲擊了至少五家醫院。 2024 年，針對醫療設施的襲擊與 2023 年相比增加了兩倍，其中 306 起事件損壞或摧毀了醫療基礎設施2023年6月卡霍夫卡大壩的潰壩造成了廣泛的人道主義災難。自2022年2月以來，已有超過12,654名平民喪生，2,9,392人受傷。近55,000名烏克蘭人失踪，其中至少16,000名平民。在克里米亞、頓內茨克、盧甘斯克、赫爾松和札波羅熱，俄羅斯佔領當局對外國人和當地人，特別是那些挑戰俄羅斯佔領的人實施了虐待。
政治動盪
2025年7月，烏克蘭經歷了戰爭爆發以來首次大規模反政府抗議活動，數千人聚集在基輔、敖德薩、利沃夫和第聶伯羅，反對影響反腐敗機構的立法。這些被稱為「紙板廣場」的抗議活動基本上和平，並在幾天內促成了立法修改，展現了儘管戒嚴令仍在實施，民眾的積極參與。在公眾壓力和國際批評之下，議會撤銷了有爭議的措施。戒嚴令嚴格禁止大規模集會，但當局容忍了這些示威活動。抗議者主要由2014年尊嚴革命鼓舞的年輕人組成。澤連斯基總統回應公眾訴求，提交了恢復機構獨立性的新立法。除了這起孤立事件外，戰爭期間沒有發生重大政治動盪，因為烏克蘭人普遍將國家統一和國防放在首位。該國實施戒嚴，各地區實施宵禁、行動限制和安全檢查等緊急狀態措施。動員政策引發社會緊張，尤其是在強制徵兵和限制18至60歲男性出境方面。政治論述的焦點是戰爭起訴、加入歐盟和戰後重建，而不是內部政治分歧。
應避免的區域
前線沿線所有東部和南部地區都極度危險，應避免前往。這些地區包括頓內茨克、盧甘斯克、赫爾松、扎波羅熱以及第聶伯羅彼得羅夫斯克、哈爾科夫和蘇梅州的前線地區。這些地區戰火紛飛，砲擊頻傳，平民傷亡率高。包括克里米亞以及頓內茨克、盧甘斯克、赫爾松和札波羅熱部分地區在內的俄羅斯佔領區仍處於俄羅斯的佔領之下，俄羅斯軍隊駐紮範圍廣泛。佔領當局拘留、審訊和騷擾外國人，尤其是美國和西方公民。由於俄羅斯和白俄羅斯的軍事存在，應避免前往白俄羅斯邊境50公里以內的地區。赫爾松和札波羅熱等城市雖然在烏克蘭控制下，但仍經常遭到俄羅斯炮火和無人機的襲擊，赫爾松更是遭受了系統性針對平民的襲擊。扎波羅熱核電廠區域因持續的戰鬥而面臨核災風險。西部地區，包括外喀爾巴阡、利沃夫、伊凡諾-弗蘭科夫斯克、切爾諾夫策、捷爾諾波爾、羅夫諾和沃倫，被認為相對安全，距離前線約1000公里。然而，俄羅斯飛彈和無人機可以覆蓋烏克蘭任何地區，包括這些西部地區。基輔經常收到空襲警報和飛彈襲擊，儘管防空系統提供了一些保護。烏克蘭沒有哪個地區能夠完全免受空襲。
