Niger
關於Niger
| 貨幣 | West African CFA franc (XOF) |
| 語言 | French |
| 資本金 | Niamey |
The Republic of Niger is a landlocked nation in western Africa. Niger shares borders with Algeria, Libya, Chad, Nigeria, Benin, Burkina Faso, and Mali. About two-thirds of this country is desert. The population is about 17.4 million people. The government is a republic with a president as chief of state and a prime minister as head of government. On 26 July 2023, soldiers in Niger announced a coup d’état, claiming to have dissolved the constitution.
Niger gained independence from France in 1960, but development has been hindered by political instability. Niger had elections in 2011 that were deemed to be democratic and fair. Niger is a major exporter of uranium, however, the economy has been adversely affected by fluctuations in the price of uranium. Also, the country has suffered economically from the political instability, food shortages and locust infestations. Niger remains one of the poorest nations in the world.
Travellers to Niger can enjoy sites such as Zuma rock, Baro Empire Hill, Kainji Lake Park,the Sahara, Aïr Mountains & Ténéré Desert. Also of interest are Agadez and Zinder, which are ancient trading centres in the Sahara.
Niger的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
乙肝疫苗
There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
傷寒疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.
黃熱病疫苗
**There is a risk of yellow fever transmission in this country. This country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for all travellers aged 9 months and older. The World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also state that the yellow fever vaccination is recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or older travelling to areas south of the Sahara Desert, and that the vaccination is not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to areas in the Sahara Desert.**
腦膜炎疫苗
Because this country is located in the sub-Saharan meningitis belt, vaccination against meningitis is recommended if travelling during the dry season (December to June).
霍亂疫苗
The U.K. NaTHNaC recommends the oral cholera vaccine for some travellers whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk, travelling to areas of active cholera transmission. These risk factors include: aid workers; those going to areas of cholera outbreaks who have limited access to potable water and medical care; travellers for whom the vaccination would be considered potentially beneficial, such as chronic medical conditions.
Niger的推薦藥物
對於一些旅行者
抗瘧藥
Recommended anti-malaria medications include Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine or tafenoquine. Resistance to chloroquine has been reported.
Niger要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Chikungunya Fever
Chikungunya fever occurs in this country.
Hepatitis A
There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Niger through contaminated food or water.
Hepatitis B
There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Niger.
Cholera
Cholera outbreaks occur in Niger. The risk to travellers is low unless living or working in poor sanitary conditions, drinking untreated water or eating poorly cooked or raw seafood in this country.
Dengue Fever
Outbreaks of dengue fever may occur.
對於一些旅行者
Malaria
All areas of Niger are at high risk for malaria.
Schistosomiasis
**There is a risk of schistosomiasis in this country.**
Sleeping Sickness (Type 1)
African trypanosomiasis (“sleeping sickness”) occurs in this country. Travellers to urban areas are not at risk.
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis occurs in Niger. Travellers to Niger are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.
Meningitis
Meningitis outbreaks may occur in Niger. Travellers who visit during the dry season (December to June) or expect to have prolonged contact with the local population are especially at risk.
Typhoid Fever
Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Niger, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.
Yellow Fever
**There is a risk of yellow fever transmission in this country. This country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for all travellers aged 9 months and older. The World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also state that the yellow fever vaccination is recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or older travelling to areas south of the Sahara Desert, and that the vaccination is not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to areas in the Sahara Desert.**
Zika Fever
Zika fever may occur in this country.
Rabies
Rabies occurs in Niger. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.
Niger中的安全性
人身安全
尼日面臨嚴峻的安全挑戰,影響全國人民的人身安全。武裝搶劫和暴力犯罪在全國各地頻繁發生,尤其是在尼亞美,盜竊、搶劫和入室盜竊隨時可能發生。尼亞美的加維耶酒店區、國家博物館、小馬爾凱和甘迺迪橋尤其容易發生犯罪,應避免獨自行走或步行穿越尼日河上的橋樑。自2023年7月軍事政變以來,尼日一直由過渡政府統治,政治局勢依然不穩定,隨時可能引發內亂。示威活動頻繁,並可能在毫無預警的情況下演變成暴力事件。綁架在全國各地構成極高的威脅,包括首都。包括「伊斯蘭國薩赫勒」(ISIS-Sahel)、「聖戰者」(JNIM)、「博科聖地」(Boko Haram)和「伊斯蘭國西非」(ISIS-West Africa)在內的恐怖組織仍在毫無預警地策劃襲擊和綁架。近年來,尼日發生了多起恐怖攻擊,其中包括2025年3月在科科魯發生的造成44人死亡的清真寺攻擊事件。 2025年5月,由於綁架風險加劇,美國大使館調整了安保態勢,要求所有人員出行均配備裝甲車。配備尼日爾武裝保全人員的飯店是最安全的住宿選擇。尼日各地醫療服務有限,醫療機構缺乏充足的基本藥品供應,尤其是在大城市以外。尼日有超過260萬人需要人道援助,其中包括超過50.7萬名境內流離失所者。與馬利、布吉納法索、奈及利亞、利比亞和查德接壤的邊境地區面臨特殊的安全挑戰,武裝團體進行管道破壞、綁架、勒索和暴力攻擊。
極端暴力
尼日爾遭受來自多個恐怖組織的嚴重極端暴力襲擊,這些組織利用該國廣闊的邊境和人煙稀少的地區進行襲擊。活躍在尼日的恐怖組織包括「伊斯蘭國-薩赫勒」(ISIS-Sahel)、「支持伊斯蘭和穆斯林」(JNIM)、博科聖地和伊斯蘭國-西非省(ISIS-WA)。 2023年,恐怖組織在尼日發動了至少299起攻擊,較2022年的180起大幅增加。暴力事件主要發生在兩條戰線上:西部和西北部的「伊斯蘭國-薩赫勒」和「支持伊斯蘭和穆斯林」(JNIM)的攻擊,以及東南部的「伊斯蘭國-WA」和博科聖地的攻擊。 2023 年前 7 個月,極端主義暴力事件造成至少 7,800 名平民死亡,較 2022 年大幅增加。近期重大攻擊包括 2025 年 3 月對科科魯村清真寺的襲擊,造成至少 44 名禮拜者死亡,20 人受傷;2024 年 9 月對尼亞克蒂雷村清真寺的襲擊,造成 27 名士兵死亡;以及 2024 年 8 月在緬因索羅阿發生的事件,造成 8 名人道工作者。 2024 年 5 月,迪亞姆巴拉村發生攻擊,造成 20 名平民死亡。多索地區的武裝團體對平民犯下嚴重侵犯人權行為,包括破壞輸油管、綁架、勒索和暴力攻擊。蒂拉貝里地區的利普塔科-古爾馬地區和迪法地區的乍得湖盆地持續存在不安全局勢。 2023 年 7 月政變後,反恐行動減少,恐怖組織得以擴大活動。儘管尼日爾政府承諾促進和平與穩定,但其多個地區仍面臨安全危機。暴力事件已從馬利蔓延至尼日和布吉納法索等鄰國,使薩赫勒地區成為全球最嚴重的安全危機地區之一。該地區連續三年每年發生超過6,000起恐怖主義相關死亡事件,佔全球死亡人數的一半以上。
政治動盪
2023 年 7 月 26 日,尼日發生軍事政變,阿卜杜拉哈曼·奇亞尼將軍率領總統衛隊扣押了總統穆罕默德·巴祖姆,並成立了國家保衛家園委員會 (CNSP)。這次政變是尼日自 1960 年脫離法國獨立以來第五次、2010 年以來首次軍事奪權。蒂亞尼將軍自封為國家元首,中止憲法,解散國家機構,下令關閉邊境並在全國實施宵禁。所有政黨活動暫停,直至另行通知,並將持續至 2025 年。 2023 年 8 月,蒂亞尼宣佈為期三年的民主過渡,但尚未實現任何具體的選舉步驟,也沒有選舉時間表。 2024 年 4 月,國家保衛家園委員會廢除了 2020 年選舉產生的地方和區域議會。這次政變招致國際社會譴責,西非經共體於 2023 年 8 月實施制裁,並威脅軍事幹預。這些制裁於2024年2月因人道原因被解除。 2024年1月,尼日宣布與馬利和布吉納法索一同退出西非經共體。自政變以來,媒體自由受到嚴重限制。當局威脅、騷擾並任意逮捕記者,其中許多人因害怕報復而自我審查。 2024年1月,內政部長暫停了獨立媒體機構「新聞之家」(Maison de la Presse)的活動。前總統巴祖姆及其家人仍被關押在秘密地點,人權組織對他們的待遇和條件表示嚴重關切。國家安全委員會(CNSP)逮捕並拘留了至少30名被罷免政府的官員及其親信。尼日爾示威活動頻繁,並可能在毫無預警的情況下演變成暴力事件。街頭抗議活動雖然整體來說是和平的,但隨時可能演變成對抗,並引發社會騷亂。由於政府大樓附近的軍事存在加強,政治和安全局勢仍然難以預測。 2024年2月,國家安全政策取消了對軍事支出的財務控制,軍事支出和總統支出均不受採購和報告規則的約束。難以預測的經濟狀況和潛在的供應中斷可能導致必需品短缺。
應避免的區域
由於恐怖主義活動猖獗,您應該避免前往馬利邊境地區、迪法地區、阿加德茲北部和乍得湖地區。恐怖組織已越過邊境,在這些地區對尼日爾安全部隊發動了多次致命攻擊。尼日爾西部的蒂拉貝里地區持續受到「伊斯蘭國-薩赫勒」和「支持伊斯蘭國」的威脅,平民和安全部隊頻頻遭到攻擊。尼日與馬利和布吉納法索交界的三國邊境地區利普塔科-古爾馬已成為暴力極端主義的溫床,應避免前往。靠近尼日利亞邊境的迪法地區面臨「博科聖地」和「伊斯蘭國-西非省」的襲擊。土匪、走私和其他犯罪活動在邊境地區十分猖獗,尤其是在馬拉迪、蒂拉貝里和迪法。多索地區的南部和西部存在武裝團體,他們對平民犯下嚴重侵犯人權的罪行。阿加德茲北部治安狀況不佳,劫車、綁架和搶劫事件頻發,請勿離開阿加德茲市區。塔瓦和阿加德茲之間以及阿加德茲和阿爾利特之間的公車上曾發生過搶劫事件。任何情況下都不應嘗試跨越馬利邊境。阿加德茲北部地區有殘留地雷,應避免越野駕駛。與阿爾及利亞、奈及利亞和貝南接壤的邊境地區也存在安全隱患。部分陸地邊界仍然關閉,其他邊界可能在未經警告的情況下關閉。恐怖分子對主要道路和運輸路線的攻擊日益增多,尤其是使用地雷和其他爆炸裝置,包括瓦加杜古和尼亞美之間的道路。在尼亞美,請避開高耶酒店、國家博物館和小馬爾凱週邊地區,因為這些地區特別容易發生搶劫案。切勿步行穿越尼日爾河上的橋樑。該國大部分地區都發生過針對遊客的夜間襲擊事件,尤其是在阿加德茲至阿爾利特、阿加德茲至塔瓦、蒂拉貝裡至尼亞美的道路上,以及津德爾市內。傳統市場以及外國人經常光顧的飯店和餐廳附近的區域需要格外警惕。