Tokelau
關於Tokelau
| 貨幣 | New Zealand Dollar (NZD) |
| 語言 | Tokelauan, English |
| 資本金 | None, each atoll has its own administrative centre |
Tokelau (previously known as the Union Islands and Tokelau Islands) is located in the south Pacific Ocean, halfway between Hawaii and New Zealand. It is formed of 3 coral atolls (Atafu, Fakaofo and Nukunonu), with the combined area totally only 10km2. The islands were first settled by Polynesian peoples approximately 1000 years ago and it was not until 1889 that Tokelau became a British protectorate. In 1925, the islands came under New Zealand administration and today, Tokelau is designated as a self-administering territory of New Zealand. The chief of state is the Queen/King of England, represented by a governor general in New Zealand and an administrator to the islands, while the head of government is held by a village leader.
This remote island group has no airport or shipping port (only offshore anchorage points) and is accessed from its closest neighbour, Samoa, by boat (a 24-36 hour journey, one way). Due to its isolated location and lack of natural resources, the people of Tokelau are reliant on subsistence farming and, more importantly, aid from the government of New Zealand. Tokelau is home to approximately 1285 people (2016 estimate); the population is declining due to emigration to New Zealand.
There are no banks on the island; the economy of Tokelau is a cash-based.
The islands are at a low elevation and thus, they are at risk of disappearing due to climate change and rising sea levels. Tokelau experiences a tropical climate; there is a risk of typhoons striking the islands.
Tourism in Tokelau is very limited, however adventurous travellers will enjoy swimming, snorkeling and exploring the pristine water and untouched natural beauty of the islands.
Tokelau的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
乙肝疫苗
There is a risk of infection with hepatitis B, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to hepatitis A, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers whose activities or employment may bring them into direct contact with bats (i.e. adventure travellers, veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers, etc.).
傷寒疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities, rural areas, or staying with friends and family.
Tokelau的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對Tokelau的建議。
Tokelau要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis A
There is a risk of exposure to hepatitis A virus through contaminated food or water.
Hepatitis B
There is a risk for acquiring hepatitis B.
對於一些旅行者
Chikungunya Fever
There is a risk of acquiring Chikungunya in this country.
Measles
There is a risk of acquiring Measles in this country.
Dengue Fever
Dengue fever may occur in this country.
Tuberculosis
Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the healthcare field, or having close prolonged contact with a sick person.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hanta Virus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Rabies
**T**he risk of acquiring Rabies is low. However, it may be present in bats, but has not been reported in domestic animals in this country.
Typhoid Fever
Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water Tokelau, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where water and food may not be safe.
Tokelau中的安全性
人身安全
托克勞的犯罪率極低。扒手和搶錢包等輕微犯罪時有發生，但該地區約有1500名居民，生活在緊密聯繫的社區中，犯罪率幾乎可以忽略不計。少量的人口和緊密的社區結構提供了天然的安全保障。托克勞近期沒有恐怖主義紀錄。旅遊設施極為有限，電力和電話等基本服務也十分有限。三個環礁上的醫療設施非常簡陋，嚴重的醫療狀況需要轉運到薩摩亞或紐西蘭。醫療轉運費用可能非常昂貴，因此購買涵蓋醫療轉運和住院費用的綜合旅遊保險至關重要。救援服務可能不符合國際標準，尤其是在沒有救生員監管的海灘。潮汐變化可能引發強大的洋流和激流。該地區由三個偏遠的環礁組成，只能從薩摩亞乘船抵達，航程需要24至30小時。船班並非每天都有，而且每次航行之間可能間隔幾天甚至幾週，這意味著旅客需要計劃延長停留時間，並為可能出現的延誤做好準備。
極端暴力
托克勞群島歷史上沒有極端暴力或戰爭。作為紐西蘭管轄下的非自治領土，托克勞群島相對而言較少受到國際衝突的影響。由於人口稀少，世界衛生組織沒有提供托克勞群島的兇殺率估計值。該地區沒有記錄在案的暴力犯罪模式。三個環礁島群緊密團結，總人口約1500人，為當地營造了和平的環境。近年來，沒有發生過重大暴力事件。每個環礁島群都有一支小型警察部隊負責維持法律和秩序，但其資源有限，在偏遠地區，警力反應速度可能較慢。
政治動盪
托克勞群島和平穩定，歷史上從未發生過政治動亂、抗議或內亂。作為紐西蘭的自治領地，托克勞群島的政治環境穩定。長老大會（General Fono）是立法機構，其20個席位根據人口比例分配給三個環礁島。選舉每三年舉行一次。托克勞群島的烏盧（Ulu-o-Tokelau）是政府首腦，由三個環礁島的領導人每年輪流擔任。托克勞群島曾於2006年和2007年就自決問題舉行兩次全民公投，儘管兩次公投過程和平民主，但均未獲得改變政治地位所需的三分之二多數票。目前，托克勞群島正在透過社區協商探討舉行第三次全民公投的可能性。托克勞群島沒有政黨。其治理結構是基於傳統的村莊結構和現代民主制度。政府運作透明，人口稀少，社區可以對政府官員進行密切監督。
應避免的區域
托克勞由三個小型珊瑚環礁組成：阿塔富、努庫諾努和法考福。這三個環礁都有人居住，對遊客來說安全無虞。境內沒有特別需要避開的危險區域。所有環礁的主要安全隱患在於自然災害，而非安全威脅。托克勞位於太平洋熱帶氣旋帶，氣旋季節從11月持續到隔年4月。在此期間，熱帶氣旋會帶來破壞性的強風、暴雨和風暴潮。由於地勢低窪，最高點僅高出海平面5米，所有地區都容易受到海岸侵蝕、海平面上升和風暴潮的影響。托克勞位於活躍地震帶，可能發生地震和海嘯。作為一個地勢低窪的太平洋島國，托克勞遭遇海嘯的風險更高。由於潟湖水流湍急，海灘上珊瑚礁尖銳，在潟湖游泳需格外小心。請諮詢當地居民以了解潛在的危險和安全的游泳區域。無需避開任何發生社會動亂或犯罪率高的地區。
