Uruguay

Uruguay的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

乙肝疫苗

There is an intermediate risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

甲型肝炎疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

對於一些旅行者

黃熱病疫苗

There is no risk of yellow fever transmission. However, this country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers 1 year of age and older arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.

狂犬病疫苗

The risk of exposure to rabies is low, but pre-travel vaccination against rabies is recommended for travelers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travelers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Persons with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travelers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.

Uruguay的推薦藥物

目前沒有針對Uruguay的建議。

Uruguay要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Hepatitis A

There is a risk of hepatitis A in Uruguay through contaminated food or water. Infection can still occur at tourist destinations and resorts.

Hepatitis B

There is an intermediate risk of hepatitis B in Uruguay.

Dengue Fever

Dengue fever can occur in Uruguay.

對於一些旅行者

Chikungunya Fever

Chikungunya may occur in this country.

Leishmaniasis

There is a risk of acquiring Leishmaniasis in this country through sand fly bites.

West Nile Fever

There is a risk of acquiring West Nile virus in this country.

Yellow Fever

There is no risk of yellow fever transmission. However, this country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers 1 year of age and older arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.

Tuberculosis

Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the healthcare field, or having close prolonged contact with a sick person.

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.

Measles

There is a risk of acquiring Measles in this country.

Chagas Disease

The risk for travellers is extremely low. There is a higher risk if staying in poor quality housing that might harbour the insect that transmits this disease.

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Uruguay, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Rabies

Rabies has been reported in domestic animals and bats. Travelers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travelers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) are at higher risk. Long-term travelers and expatriates may come in contact with rabid animals..

Uruguay中的安全性

人身安全

輕微犯罪是蒙得維的亞和海灘度假區遊客最擔心的問題。扒手搶劫錢包的事件頻傳，主要發生在擁擠的市場、像蒙得維的亞特雷斯克魯塞斯這樣的公車終點站以及熱門旅遊景點。夏季（12月至3月）犯罪率上升，犯罪者將從蒙得維的亞轉移到埃斯特角城、羅恰和科洛尼亞德爾薩克拉門託等海灘勝地。犯罪者通常兩人一組，騎著摩托車，在紅綠燈、停車場或自動櫃員機處接近受害者，偷走錢包、手機或包包，然後迅速逃離。武裝搶劫可能發生在擁擠的餐廳和金融中心。快速綁架雖然並不常見，但也發生過受害者被迫從自動櫃員機提取小額現金的情況。停放車輛失竊現象十分普遍，尤其是在蒙得維的亞的卡拉斯科街區。竊賊會砸碎紅綠燈和路口的窗戶，搶走可見的物品。兇殺、武裝搶劫和劫車等暴力犯罪在全國各地都有發生，對遊客造成影響。 2023 年，該國的兇殺率達到每 10 萬居民 11.2 起，高於阿根廷、智利和巴拉圭等鄰國，但遠低於巴西或哥倫比亞。

極端暴力

烏拉圭各地暴力犯罪頻繁，包括兇殺、持械搶劫、劫車和惡性攻擊。 2023 年的兇殺率為每 10 萬居民 11.2 起，高於 2014 年的 7.5 起。自 2018 年兇殺案激增以來，案件數量持續上升，且越來越多地與有組織犯罪和通過蒙得維的亞港口的販毒有關。大多數暴力事件集中在蒙得維的亞北部和巴西邊境附近的特定街區，這些街區與走私活動有關。武裝犯罪者以雜貨店、餐廳和小商家為目標，有時旁觀者也會成為受害者。蒙得維的亞的波西托斯街區人滿為患的餐廳經常發生武裝搶劫，尤其是在深夜。某些街區會發生幫派暴力事件，儘管這些地區很少有遊客光顧。該國的監獄人滿為患，達到容量的 121%，有組織犯罪集團利用這些監獄招募犯人，這引發了人們對犯罪網絡擴張的擔憂。烏拉圭港已成為可卡因運往歐洲和非洲的中轉站，其面臨的跨國組織犯罪威脅日益加劇。一些巴西犯罪集團已開始將業務範圍擴大到烏拉圭北部地區。

政治動盪

烏拉圭民主制度穩定，被認為是拉丁美洲政治最穩定的國家之一。蒙得維的亞經常發生示威活動，總體上是和平的，儘管它們可能會擾亂交通和公共交通。即使是和平示威也隨時可能演變成暴力事件。在經濟學人智庫 2022 年民主指數中，烏拉圭在美洲排名第一，在全球排名第 11 位。該國有著建立共識和務實政治的悠久傳統，新政府通常會改進而不是撤銷以前的政府工作。政治過渡是和平的，民選官員任期滿。烏拉圭在 1973 年至 1985 年期間經歷了公民軍事獨裁，但成功過渡回民主國家。烏拉圭近代沒有恐怖主義歷史。工人罷工可以在極短的事先通知下停止公共交通。反對黨競爭激烈，選舉制度有效運作。犯罪而不是政治不穩定是國家話語中的主要關注點，該國在最近的選舉中拒絕了威權安全提案。

應避免的區域

在蒙得維的亞，請避開 Casavalle、Cerro、La Teja、Cerro Norte、Barrio Borro、Barrio Marconi、Flor de Maronas、La Union、La Aduana、Barrio Sur 和 Palermo。這些街區的犯罪率較高，包括竊盜和偶爾發生的幫派暴力事件。遊客很少有理由前往這些地區。夜間，請遠離市內偏僻或燈光昏暗的區域。避免獨自在市中心或港區行走，尤其是在夜間和週末。 Ciudad Vieja 的小巷即使在白天人群稀疏時也可能不安全，但 Perez Castellano、Rincon、Buenos Aires 和 Sarandi 等主要街道在白天通常是安全的。在舊城區，只有獨立廣場、Sarandi 步行街和 Mercado del Puerto 有警察持續巡邏。 Ciudad Vieja 和港口區的犯罪率在夜間和週末會增加。遊客通常最安全的住宿區域包括波西托斯 (Pocitos)、蓬塔卡雷塔斯 (Punta Carretas) 和卡拉斯科 (Carrasco) 等沿海社區，它們位於蒙得維的亞港和卡拉斯科之間，意大利大道 (Italia Avenue) 以南。巴西邊境附近的城鎮與走私活動相關的犯罪率較高。冬季，由於人口較少，海濱城鎮的犯罪率可能會上升。