Cambodia

Cambodia的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

乙肝疫苗

There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country. Therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

甲型肝炎疫苗

There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country. Therefore, vaccination is recommended. Infants 6 to 11 months old should also be vaccinated against the disease.

對於一些旅行者

霍亂疫苗

The U.K. NaTHNaC recommends the oral cholera vaccine for some travellers whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk, travelling to areas of active cholera transmission. These risk factors include: aid workers; those going to areas of cholera outbreaks who have limited access to potable water and medical care; travellers for whom the vaccination would be considered potentially beneficial, such as chronic medical conditions. The U.S. CDC recommends the cholera vaccine for travellers who are 18-64 years of age and who plan to travel to areas of active cholera transmission. CDC notes that most travellers do not travel to areas of active cholera transmission, and that safe food and water practices can prevent many cholera infections.

狂犬病疫苗

Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.

日本腦炎疫苗

Vaccination against Japanese encephalitis is recommended for travellers to endemic areas during Japanese encephalitis virus transmission season if their itinerary or activities will increase their risk (e.g. spending substantial time outdoors in rural or agricultural areas; staying in accommodations without air conditioning, screens, or bed nets.)

卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗

BCG vaccine is recommended to all unvaccinated adults, and children under 16 years of age, staying in the country for more than 3 months. A tuberculin skin test is required prior to administering vaccination for all children from 6 years of age.

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

A dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) should be administered to infants 6 to 11 months old prior to international travel.

黃熱病疫苗

There is no risk of yellow fever in this country. This country requires all persons 1 year of age and older to have proof of the yellow fever vaccination if travelling from a country with a risk of yellow fever transmission, including transiting more than 12 hours through an airport in a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities and rural areas.

Cambodia的推薦藥物

對於一些旅行者

抗瘧藥

Travellers to Cambodia should consider anti-malaria medication unless only visiting Phnom Penh, areas close to Lake Tonle Sap, and the temple complex at Angkor Wat. For the western provinces of Cambodia bordering Thailand, atovaquone/proguanil or doxycycline are recommended. Anti-malaria drug resistance is present for chloroquine in the rest of Cambodia. The recommended medication includes atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, or mefloquine.

Cambodia要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Cholera

Cholera occurs in this country.

Hepatitis B

There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Cambodia.

Chikungunya Fever

Chikungunya fever has occurred in this country.

Dengue Fever

Dengue fever outbreaks occur regularly in Cambodia, and the risk to travellers is significant.

Hepatitis A

There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Cambodia through contaminated food or water. Infection can still occur at tourist destinations and resorts.

對於一些旅行者

Zika Fever

Zika virus can occur in this country.

Scrub Typhus

Scrub typhus, also known as Tsutsugamushi fever, occurs occasionally in Cambodia.

Measles

There is a risk of acquiring measles in the country.

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring hantavirus in Cambodia through contaminated food or coming into contact with a person infected with the virus

Tuberculosis

Travellers to Cambodia are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting ill friends or family or working in the health care field.

Yellow Fever

There is no risk of yellow fever in this country. This country requires all persons 1 year of age and older to have proof of the yellow fever vaccination if travelling from a country with a risk of yellow fever transmission, including transiting more than 12 hours through an airport in a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.

Japanese encephalitis

Japanese encephalitis occurs throughout all of Cambodia. The risk for travellers of contracting Japanese encephalitis is low, but extensive outdoor activity in rural areas will increase this risk.

Rabies

Rabies occurs in Cambodia. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Cambodia. The risk is higher when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Malaria

Malaria risk exists throughout the year in all forested rural areas, including coastal areas. Phnom Penh and areas close to Tonle Sap (Siem Reap) are not at risk. Risk within the tourist area of Angkor Wat is negligible. Mefloquine medication resistance is widespread in the western provinces of Cambodia bordering Thailand.

Schistosomiasis

This disease is present in this country and is acquired through contact with fresh water, such as swimming, bathing, or rafting. Well-chlorinated swimming pools and contact with saltwater in oceans or seas will not put travellers at risk for schistosomiasis.

Cambodia中的安全性

人身安全

輕微犯罪仍然是柬埔寨遊客最擔心的問題。在金邊、暹粒和西哈努克城，騎摩托車的盜賊搶劫行李的現象屢見不鮮，他們通常以乘坐嘟嘟車或步行的遊客為目標。盜賊會剪斷行李帶，搶劫過程中可能會造成人員受傷。金邊河畔地區約佔已通報案件的63%。遊客應交出貴重物品，切勿反抗，以免受傷。自2007年以來，柬埔寨的犯罪率大幅下降，2007年至2011年間，謀殺率每年下降16%。

針對外國人的詐騙猖獗。紙牌遊戲、假工作機會和跨境敲詐勒索等騙局屢見不鮮。有組織犯罪集團以高薪輕鬆工作為幌子，將受害者販賣到西哈努克城、邊境地區和乾丹省的安全據點。受害者報告稱，他們工作時間長、工資低、護照被扣留，行動受限。酒吧和夜總會，尤其是在旅遊區，經常發生下藥事件。槍枝氾濫，槍戰頻繁，通常源自商業或個人糾紛。外國人在針對企業和企業主的武裝搶劫和入室搶劫中受重傷甚至死亡。司法體系難以預測，缺乏透明度，容易受到政治和商業的干擾。

極端暴力

針對遊客的暴力犯罪並不常見，但確實存在。槍支擁有率很高，槍戰頻繁，通常與商業、個人或業務糾紛有關。這些事件可能發生在旅遊目的地，旁觀者可能會被捲入其中。交通糾紛曾引發涉及武器的暴力事件。針對企業或企業主的武裝搶劫和入室搶劫在柬埔寨各地時有發生，犯罪者曾嚴重傷害或殺害外國人。摩托車和計程車司機有時會在深夜在遊客和外籍人士聚集的地區襲擊和搶劫外國人。

爆炸事件時有發生，通常與組織犯罪而非恐怖主義有關。 2022年12月，金邊一家賭場附近發生了一起炸彈爆炸事件，同月還發生了一起槍擊事件，這兩起事件都可能與組織犯罪有關。遊客並非這些事件的目標。柬埔寨近期沒有發生過針對遊客或公共場所的恐怖攻擊，但也不能排除發生攻擊的可能性。據報道，暹粒和西哈努克城曾發生過針對外國遊客的性侵犯事件，其中包括在暹粒酒吧街地區，單身女性遭到自稱是摩的司機的男子的性侵犯。

政治動盪

柬埔寨實行一黨制，政治自由有限。執政的柬埔寨人民黨透過恐嚇、政治動機的起訴和對反對派成員的暴力行為來維持嚴密的控制。 2023年全國大選前夕，針對政治反對派成員的監視、恐嚇、司法騷擾和暴力攻擊愈演愈烈。在金邊，一群身著黑衣的男子手持伸縮金屬警棍，在光天化日之下襲擊了反對黨成員。主要反對黨燭光黨因政治動機被禁止參加2023年大選。

和平示威隨時可能演變成暴力事件，並可能導致交通和公共交通中斷。當局對自由集會持敵對態度，並禁止反對派集會。與政治、勞工權利和土地糾紛有關的示威活動經常遭到安全部隊驅散，他們對和平抗議者進行威脅、過度暴力和任意拘留。煽動和誹謗的法律定義和適用範圍十分寬泛。批評或侮辱國王或君主制是違法的。柬泰邊境緊張局勢升級，2025年柬泰邊境可能爆發武裝衝突。由於柬泰軍隊之間持續交火，應避免進入柬泰邊境50公里以內的地區。

應避免的區域

由於柬泰兩國軍隊之間持續交火，請避開柬泰邊境50公里以內的地區。 2025年7月，柬泰邊境爆發武裝衝突，雙方連續五天交火，造成多人傷亡。邊境口岸可能會意外關閉或更改開放時間，恕不另行通知。

偏遠地區仍有地雷和未爆彈藥，尤其是在馬德望、班蒂棉吉、菩薩省、暹粒省、拜林省和磅同省。雷區通常沒有標示。遊客不應偏離鄉村地區的主要道路，包括寺廟建築群周圍。在這些地區的森林地帶或旱稻田行走時，請跟隨當地導遊。

西哈努克市有嚴重的組織犯罪問題。華人團體在這座沿海城市從事非法活動，針對外國人的詐騙活動時有發生。人口販賣案件集中在西哈努克市、邊境地區和乾丹省及其周邊地區。如今，許多遊客完全放棄了西哈努克城，轉而選擇更安全的海濱小鎮，例如白馬和高龍撒冷島。夜晚的金邊河岸風險更高，當地人警告遊客天黑後避免在河邊散步。金邊約63%的竊盜事件發生在河岸附近。暹粒的酒吧街吸引了扒手和騙子，常見的騙局包括嘟嘟車司機提供免費導覽服務，並帶遊客前往商店強行購買。