Romania
關於Romania
| 貨幣 | Romanian leu (RON) |
| 語言 | Romanian |
| 資本金 | Bucharest |
Romania is a country in southeastern Europe, bordering Bulgaria, Ukraine, Serbia, Hungary, Moldova, as well as the Black Sea. The population is about 21.7 million people. Romania’s government is a republic with a president as chief of state and a prime minister as head of government.
In 1862 the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia were united as Romania and became independent in 1878. During World War I, Romania joined the Allies and gained Transylvania. After World War II, Romania was taken over by the Soviet Union, leading to the country coming under communist rule. In 1965, Nicolae Ceausescu took power and led a repressive and brutal regime. He was ousted and executed in 1989, and finally in 1996, the communists were removed from power. Romania joined the European Union in 2007.
Tourism is a fast-growing sector of the economy. Travellers will enjoy the cities, such as Brasov, Sibiu, and Sighisoara, Bran and Dracula’s Castle, painted churches, fortified monasteries and churches, the seaside at the Black Sea, and many other attractions.
Romania的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
乙肝疫苗
There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗
BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk from coming in close contact with infected persons or for unvaccinated people, children under 16 years of age, who are going to live in the country for more than 3 months.
麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
ick蟲腦炎疫苗
Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is recommended if travelling in Tulcea county and Transylvania at the base of the Carpathian Mountains and the Transylvanian Alps or where contact with ticks might occur (camping, hiking, outdoor activities) during early spring to late autumn.
Romania的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對Romania的建議。
Romania要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis B
There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Romania.
Hepatitis A
There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Romania through contaminated food or water. Infection can still occur at tourist destinations and resorts.
對於一些旅行者
Leishmaniasis
There is a risk of acquiring Leishmaniasis in this country through sand fly bites, particularly between dusk to dawn. Adventure tourists, outdoor athletes, or humanitarian aid workers are at a higher risk.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Measles
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis occurs in Romania. Travellers to Romania are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.
Rabies
Rabies occurs in Romania. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.
Tick-Borne Encephalitis
There is a risk of Tick-Borne Encephalitis in some areas of this country. The areas presumed to be affected are Tulcea county and Transylvania at the base of the Carpathian Mountains and the Transylvanian Alps. The transmission season varies, however, ticks are most active during early spring to late autumn.
Romania中的安全性
人身安全
羅馬尼亞為遊客和商務旅客提供了相對安全的環境。 2023年，犯罪指數達32，全國共發生212起謀殺案。克盧日-納波卡、蒂米甚瓦拉、布拉索夫、布加勒斯特和雅西等五個羅馬尼亞主要城市躋身2023年全球最安全城市前100名。由於社會經濟挑戰，農村地區的暴力犯罪比城市更為普遍。由於嚴格的槍支法律，槍支暴力極為罕見。大多數兇殺案涉及尖銳物體而非槍枝。針對遊客的犯罪通常涉及扒竊、騙局和詐騙，而非暴力衝突。有組織的團夥在火車站、地鐵和公共交通等擁擠區域活動，經常使用分散注意力的手段。兒童和衣著光鮮的年輕人有時會參與這些活動。計程車詐騙發生在機場和火車站。請使用Uber或Bolt等共乘應用程序，而不要乘坐無牌出租車。有些餐廳和酒吧會複製信用卡或金融卡。偶爾會有假警察接近遊客，要求證件或金錢。請務必要求遊客出示有效身分證明，如有疑問，請撥打112。據報道，布加勒斯特老城區發生了飲料下藥事件。人口販賣仍然是一個問題，2023年調查了538起新案件，其中包括427起性交易和75起勞工販賣案件。旅遊業通常受到監管，並會執行安全檢查。布加勒斯特的醫療設施充足，但在大城市以外，急救人員的回應時間可能會更長。羅馬尼亞位於地震活躍區，經常發生地震。
極端暴力
羅馬尼亞近期沒有發生過恐怖攻擊，但也不能排除攻擊的可能性。該國從未經歷過攻擊，也並非備受矚目的目標。近年來，歐洲安全部門挫敗了多起在歐洲策劃的攻擊事件。羅馬尼亞情報部門負責協調國家預防和打擊恐怖主義系統。羅馬尼亞已與歐洲和美國國家簽署了50多項雙邊合作協議，涉及反恐、打擊組織犯罪和販毒。 2024年9月，一名17歲少年向布加勒斯特和24個縣的80多所學校發送威脅訊息，導致警方根據恐怖主義法展開調查。威脅實施恐怖主義行為將被判處2至7年有期徒刑。羅馬尼亞在北約和歐盟框架內維持反恐合作。鄰國烏克蘭的軍事活動十分活躍，但羅馬尼亞自2005年以來一直是北約成員國。網路犯罪呈上升趨勢，惡意軟體傳播和勒索軟體攻擊針對政府和私部門組織。羅馬尼亞位於歐亞大陸通往西歐主要貿易路線的交會處，因此有組織犯罪集團在此活動。羅馬尼亞與烏克蘭和摩爾多瓦接壤，這兩個國家局勢脆弱，有組織犯罪猖獗。機場和主要公共場所都配備例行保全。
政治動盪
羅馬尼亞經常發生公眾示威活動，尤其是在布加勒斯特和其他主要城市。遊行和集會大多是和平的，並且受到良好的監管，但示威活動可能會引發暴力。 2024 年 12 月，羅馬尼亞憲法法院在決選前兩天宣布總統選舉結果無效，引發抗議活動。 2025 年 1 月，數萬人聚集在布加勒斯特，要求法院推翻裁決，抗議者舉著「民主」和「還我們第二輪選舉」的橫幅。 2025 年 3 月 1 日，數萬人聚集在布加勒斯特，參加由極右翼政治團體組織的大型反政府集會。 2025 年 3 月的一些抗議活動升級為暴力事件，抗議者向防暴警察投擲鋪路石和其他物品，推翻車輛並放火。警方使用催淚瓦斯驅散人群。 2017 年至 2019 年間，發生了針對反腐敗法擬議修改的大規模抗議活動。 2018年8月，警方對抗議者使用了前所未有的暴力，造成452人受傷，70人住院。 2017年，數十萬人抗議旨在將某些腐敗罪行非刑事化的法令，引發了1989年以來規模最大的示威活動。 2012年和2015年的抗議活動涉及醫療改革、緊縮措施和政治不穩定。大多數抗議活動聚焦於反腐敗措施、政府政策或選舉爭議。示威活動可能會擾亂公共服務、交通和公共交通。在抗議期間，請關注當地媒體並遵守當地政府的指示。
應避免的區域
布加勒斯特的費倫塔里（Ferentari）街區犯罪率較高，應避免前往。由於貧窮、教育程度低和失業等原因，農村地區的暴力犯罪通常高於城市。東北發展區是歐盟最貧困的地區之一。山區野生動物眾多，包括熊、狼和猞猁，構成危險。熊生活在森林和山區，尤其是在喀爾巴阡山脈。羅馬尼亞是歐洲棕熊族群數量最多的國家之一。喀爾巴阡山脈和多瑙河三角洲地區有蝰蛇出沒，其中角蝰、普通蝰和草原蝰最危險。它們的毒液在冬眠後的春季尤其危險。如果被咬傷，請立即就醫進行抗毒治療。山區容易遭受暴雨和山洪暴發，尤其是在春季和夏季。切勿獨自在山中健行。即使有備受讚譽的薩爾瓦蒙特（Salvamont）救援系統，也可能發生許多事故。街上可能會遇到流浪狗，由於狂犬病風險，應避免接觸。多瑙河三角洲地區有蚊子和蜱蟲，可能傳播包括蜱傳腦炎在內的疾病。請攜帶驅蟲劑。夏季，黑海度假勝地可能會因儲存或烹飪不當而發生食物中毒。選擇評價較高的餐廳。由於持續的衝突，羅馬尼亞與烏克蘭接壤的邊境地區應受到監控，儘管羅馬尼亞受北約成員國的保護。
