Guatemala
關於Guatemala
| 貨幣 | Quetzal (GTQ) |
| 語言 | Spanish |
| 資本金 | Guatemala City |
The Republic of Guatemala is located in Central America bordering Mexico, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador and with coastline on the Caribbean and the Pacific Ocean. The population is about 15 million people. Although Spanish is the official language, more than 20 indigenous languages are also spoken.
The government of Guatemala is a democratic republic with a president as chief of state and head of government. The country is a developing country and is one of the poorest countries in Latin America.
Guatemala was at the centre of Mayan culture and was one of the most important areas in Central America for about a thousand years before the Spanish arrived. Guatemala was a Spanish colony for about 300 years and achieved independence in 1821. The country went through a 36-year civil war that officially ended in 1996. More than 200,000 people were killed or disappeared, the majority being civilians.
Today Guatemala suffers from problems of social inequality, poverty, illiteracy, high infant mortality, with the life expectancy among the lowest in the region. Violent street gangs and organised crime have added to the social problems. Guatemala, however, is said to be one of the most beautiful countries in Latin America. Visitors can enjoy 14 eco-regions, Tikal National Park (a UNESCO World Heritage Site), the Maya Biosphere Reserve, mountains, and Mayan ruins.
Guatemala的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
乙肝疫苗
There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
傷寒疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities, rural areas, or staying with friends and family.
黃熱病疫苗
A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers over 1 year of age arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission. Travellers transiting for more than 12 hours through an airport in a country/territory at risk for yellow fever transmission would also require a certificate.
Guatemala的推薦藥物
對於一些旅行者
抗瘧藥
Anti-malarial medication for Escuintia Province is atovaquone-proguanil, chloroquine, doxycycline, or mefloquine. For all other areas with malaria, the U.S. CDC recommends atovaquone-proguanil, chloroquine, doxycycline, mefloquine or primaquine. For these areas, NaTHNac and WHO only recommend chloroquine.
Guatemala要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis A
There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Guatemala.
Hepatitis B
There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Guatemala.
Chikungunya Fever
Chikungunya fever has occurred in this country.
Dengue Fever
There is a risk of dengue fever throughout the year in Guatemala.
對於一些旅行者
Zika Fever
There is transmission of the Zika virus in this country.
Malaria
There is a low risk for malaria throughout the year at altitudes below 1,500 metres. There is moderate risk in the departments of Alta Verapaz, Escuintla, Izabal, Petén, Quiche, and Suchitapéquez. There is no risk in Antigua, Guatemala City, or Lake Atitlán.
Chagas Disease
The risk for travellers is extremely low. There is a higher risk if staying in poor quality housing that might harbour the insect that transmits this disease.
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis occurs in this country. Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.
Yellow Fever
There is no risk of yellow fever transmission. However, a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers over 1 year of age arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission. Travellers transiting for more than 12 hours through an airport in a country/territory at risk for yellow fever transmission would also require a certificate.
Typhoid Fever
Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Guatemala. The risk is higher when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.
Rabies
Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.
Guatemala中的安全性
人身安全
危地馬拉麵臨嚴峻的犯罪挑戰,遊客需要了解。武裝搶劫、劫車和行兇搶劫在城市和旅遊區時有發生,通常發生在光天化日之下。雖然遊客通常不會成為特定目標,但您仍然可能成為機會主義犯罪的受害者。 2023年,該國的兇殺率達到每十萬人16.1起,儘管與先前的高峰相比有所下降。暴力犯罪的定罪率仍低於4%,這創造了一個犯罪者逍遙法外的環境。幫派活動是暴力事件的主要驅動力,尤其是敲詐勒索,每月影響數千人。公共交通存在重大風險。公共汽車經常遭到武裝襲擊,而塗成彩色的“雞巴”巴士機械性能不佳,司機魯莽駕駛。建議搭乘無線電調度的黃色計程車、飯店計程車或共乘服務。避免炫耀財富,將手機、昂貴的手錶和珠寶放在看不見的地方。搶劫企圖發生時切勿反抗。與毒品相關的暴力事件在某些地區尤其嚴重,尤其是在邊境附近。危地馬拉設有旅遊援助計劃 (ASISTUR),並在安提瓜、阿蒂特蘭湖和蒂卡爾等熱門地區設有專門的旅遊警察。請撥打當地電話 1500 或 +502-2290-2810 與他們聯絡。在旅遊區,尤其是在安提瓜,經常會發生飲料下藥的情況。切勿將食物或飲料放在無人看管的地方,並謹慎接受新認識的人的物品。天黑後,全國各地的風險會大幅增加。
極端暴力
瓜地馬拉持續遭受源自於組織犯罪、幫派活動和販毒的暴力活動。 2023年3月至2024年8月期間,至少有18名人權捍衛者被殺害。記者面臨的風險尤其大,2023年底至2024年初已有五人被謀殺,而針對新聞界的犯罪行為卻不受懲罰的情況依然普遍。錫那羅亞和CJNG等墨西哥販毒集團與危地馬拉分散的走私集團合作,在該國境內運輸毒品。這在主要的販毒地點引發了暴力事件。幫派活動十分猖獗,MS-13和Barrio 18透過敲詐勒索、販毒和暴力控制地盤。 2013年至2021年,敲詐勒索案件增加了一倍多,每月通報的案件數以千計。幫派成員在監獄內進行敲詐勒索和販毒活動。危地馬拉境內非法槍枝流通量超過一百萬支,大多數兇殺案都是用槍犯下的。全副武裝的平民加上薄弱的警察和司法系統,造成了暴力持續存在的環境。私刑和私刑執法現象十分普遍,尤其是在農村地區。 2014年,平均每月通報的私刑未遂事件高達30件。暴力往往與貧窮息息相關,部分地區有60%的人口處於貧窮狀態,30%的人口處於極端貧窮狀態。這些邊緣群體很容易被幫派招募。雖然大多數暴力事件都涉及與幫派有關的當地人,但遊客也可能會捲入其中。旅遊區也難免遭遇暴力犯罪。
政治動盪
危地馬拉經常發生政治示威和罷工,而且往往毫無預警。大多數示威活動都是和平的,但也可能突然演變成暴力事件。抗議者經常在未經通知的情況下封鎖道路和公共設施,包括國際機場。這些封鎖可能會導致交通中斷數天。 2023年,因試圖推翻總統大選結果而爆發了大規模抗議活動。原住民群體領導了持續的示威活動,要求總檢察長辭職,危地馬拉城陷入癱瘓。經過八天的和平抗議後,一些示威活動演變成暴力事件,發射了催淚瓦斯並造成財產損失。 2023年10月,一名抗議者在示威活動中死亡。道路封鎖是危地馬拉傳統的抗議形式。雖然通常是和平的,但它們可能會滯留旅客並阻礙城市之間的通行。政府道路救援機構PROVIAL提供道路狀況和封鎖情況的最新資訊。 2025年初,一項新的強制車輛保險法引發了抗議活動,運輸工會和民間團體組織了示威活動。這些抗議活動導致高速公路堵塞,尖峰時段的機場接送服務也受到影響。示威活動可能迅速升級。安全部隊偶爾會使用包括催淚瓦斯在內的武力驅散人群。政治不穩定持續影響著該國,行政部門、總檢察長辦公室和國會之間的緊張關係造成了難以預測的局勢。請關注當地媒體,並避開抗議活動發生的地區。
應避免的區域
危地馬拉的特定省份和區域風險較高。聖馬科斯省(除聖馬科斯市外)由販毒集團控制,警力有限。販毒活動在墨西哥邊境的這一地區十分猖獗。韋韋特南戈省(除韋韋特南戈市外)也面臨類似的販毒集團控制和警力不足的問題。在瓜地馬拉城,請完全避開18區和維拉努埃瓦市。在瓜地馬拉城內,1、2、3、5、6、7、8、12、13、17、18、19、21、24和25區尤其危險。 1區是歷史中心區,白天遊覽需謹慎,因為遊客經常成為攻擊目標。 1區內的利莫納達地區應完全避開。請留在較安全的區域,包括 4、9、10、11、14、15 和 16,其中 9 區和 10 區最安全。從瓜地馬拉城到薩爾瓦多邊境(Carretera Salvador)的道路經常發生劫車和持械搶劫。與墨西哥接壤的邊境地區,特別是恰帕斯州,面臨組織犯罪和毒品相關暴力事件。與伯利茲接壤的邊境地區犯罪活動也較為活躍。埃斯昆特拉、奇基穆拉、克薩爾特南戈、伊薩瓦爾和佩滕等省份都存在犯罪問題。 2001 年至 2014 年間,奇基穆拉每年平均發生 78 起謀殺案。阿蒂特蘭湖周圍的道路可能很危險,因為緊急服務有限。太平洋海流湍急,回流強勁,救生員很少。