Moldova
關於Moldova
| 貨幣 | Moldovan Leu (MDL) |
| 語言 | Romanian |
| 資本金 | Chisinau |
The Republic of Moldova, located in eastern Europe, borders Romania to the southwest and Ukraine to the north and southeast. Once considered to be a part of Romania, Moldova became part of the Soviet Union at the end of World War II, and it wasn’t until 1991 that Moldova became an independent nation. Although independent, Russian forces have remained in the region of Transnistria (eastern strip of Moldova) in an attempt to seek independence for this area, since the area is composed primarily of those of Ukrainian and Russian descent. This region is not controlled by the Moldovan government but instead is controlled by a pro-independence regime.
In Moldova, the president is the chief of state and the prime minister is the head of government. Moldova has suffered significant political unrest post-independence, with tension between the pro-European and communist political powers, including violent protests of presidential elections and the collapse of two pro-European governments. This instability and political corruption have contributed to Moldova’s poor economy, the poorest in Europe. In an attempt to rebuild their nation, the government of Moldova has signed an EU association agreement, indicating their interest in joining the European Union.
Moldova is primarily a cash-based economy. The Moldovan Leu is the official currency in Moldova, however, the Euro and the US dollar may also be accepted in some areas. In Transnistria, the Transnistrian ruble is used and the Moldovan Leu cannot be used or converted into the local currency.
Moldova’s moderate winters, warm summers, and beautiful, unspoiled countryside make it a promising travel destination.
Moldova的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
乙肝疫苗
There is a risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to hepatitis A in this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗
BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk from coming in close contact with infected persons or for unvaccinated people, children under 16 years of age, who are going to live in the country for more than 3 months.
麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
ick蟲腦炎疫苗
Travellers are at risk via exposure to ticks during outdoor activities in areas of vegetation (gardens, parks, forest fringes, meadows and marshes). Campers, hikers, bikers, and adventure travellers should consider obtaining a vaccination against this disease.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
Moldova的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對Moldova的建議。
Moldova要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis A
There is a risk of exposure to hepatitis A virus in this country through contaminated food or water.
Hepatitis B
There is a risk for acquiring hepatitis B in this country.
對於一些旅行者
Measles
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Tuberculosis
Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.
Tick-Borne Encephalitis
There is a possible risk of tick-borne encephalitis throughout the country. The transmission season varies, however, and ticks are most active during early spring to late autumn (March to November). Vaccination may be considered for travellers whose planned outdoor activities put them at risk.
Rabies
Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.
Moldova中的安全性
人身安全
截至 2024 年，摩爾多瓦的犯罪率為每 10,000 名居民 102 起犯罪。謀殺率為每 10 萬人口 2.27 起，2023 年記錄了 78 起謀殺案。扒手和搶包等輕微犯罪發生在人群密集的地方，特別是在基希訥烏、公共交通工具、市場和旅遊景點。有組織犯罪在 2024 年記錄了 889 起犯罪，比 2023 年的 205 起增加了 342%。人口販運仍然是一個嚴重的問題，摩爾多瓦是性剝削和勞動剝削的來源國。警察或冒充警察的人可能會索賄，尤其是在旅遊區。請務必將身分證明文件放在手邊，因為如果您無法出示，警察可能會拘留您並對您處以罰款。暴力犯罪率仍然很低，搶劫很少見。在烏克蘭邊境附近要小心，那裡曾經有衝突產生的拋射物和碎片落下。基希訥烏的國際機場、購物中心和政府大樓都已收到炸彈威脅。雖然近期沒有發生恐怖主義事件，但也不能排除發生攻擊的可能性。請避免參加政治示威活動，尤其是在基希訥烏，因為這些活動可能在沒有任何預警的情況下變得動盪不安。與俄烏衝突相關的安全局勢使摩爾多瓦處於高度戒備狀態。
極端暴力
摩爾多瓦沒有針對外國遊客或利益的重大恐怖主義威脅。暴力犯罪率相對較低，外國人很少通報暴力犯罪事件。有組織犯罪集團確實存在，並負責人口和毒品販運，但這些活動通常不會對遊客造成暴力侵害。摩爾多瓦是非法毒品向西歐的轉運站，毒品交易金額估計每年在2億至2.5億美元之間。自1991年獨立以來，已有超過40萬名婦女被從摩爾多瓦販運，該國是國內和跨國性剝削和勞動剝削的源頭。兒童和無人陪伴的未成年人尤其容易受到剝削。摩爾多瓦面臨的安全挑戰包括旅行證件偽造、針對兒童的犯罪、人口販運、槍支販運以及化學、生物、放射性、核子和爆炸物走私。該國也是外國武裝分子的過境走廊。由於烏克蘭衝突，俄羅斯飛彈曾偏離邊境。沒有跡象顯示摩爾多瓦成為俄羅斯對烏克蘭戰爭的目標，儘管空中砲彈的碎片已經落在烏克蘭邊境附近地區。
政治動盪
自 2022 年秋季以來，摩爾多瓦經常發生政治抗議活動，尤其是在基希訥烏市中心，偶爾也會在其他地方發生。 2022 年至 2023 年間，組織了大規模的反政府抗議活動，一些示威者承認他們是收了錢才參與的。據摩爾多瓦反腐敗檢察官辦公室稱，親俄反對派在經濟問題下組織了抗議活動，部分資金來自俄羅斯。抗議活動會吸引大批警力，即使最初是和平的，也可能在沒有任何警告的情況下演變成暴力事件。 2023 年 3 月，警方在一次抗議活動中逮捕了 54 人，理由是行為可疑，並在同一天處理了四起炸彈威脅。紹爾黨組織了大規模抗議活動，估計有 9,000 至 50,000 人參加，但該黨在 2023 年 6 月被憲法法院取締。此後，大規模的協調抗議活動停止了。 2024年總統大選和2025年國會選舉被指控俄羅斯嚴重干預選舉，包括虛假宣傳、政治腐敗、賄選、人為操縱的街頭抗議以及針對選舉系統的網路攻擊。 2025年9月選舉日，俄羅斯也發生了針對海外投票站的虛假炸彈威脅以及非法運送選民等事件。由於俄烏衝突和摩爾多瓦的歐盟一體化進程，政治局勢依然高度緊張。安全局勢可能迅速惡化。示威活動和大型集會可能會擾亂交通和公共交通。
應避免的區域
避免前往德涅斯特河沿岸地區，該地區是摩爾多瓦東北部一個受俄羅斯支持的分離地區，不受摩爾多瓦政府控制。該地區於 1990 年宣布獨立，並於 1992 年爆發了一場短暫而血腥的戰爭。自那時起，德涅斯特河沿岸地區一直作為事實上的獨立領土運作，擁有自己的政府、軍隊、貨幣和邊境檢查站，但沒有任何國家正式承認其獨立。俄羅斯軍隊駐紮在該地區。烏克蘭事件導致德涅斯特河沿岸地區政治緊張，安全局勢動盪，可能在短時間內惡化。 2022 年 4 月和 5 月初該地區發生爆炸。該地區增加了對被視為極端分子的人進行起訴和審前拘留的權力，將極端主義解釋為包括溫和抗議或言論自由等活動。德涅斯特河沿岸地區的領事協助嚴重有限或無法取得。烏克蘭已經關閉了通往德涅斯特河沿岸地區的過境點。遊客必須出示身分證件才能進入德涅斯特河沿岸地區，並可能在檢查站遇到困難。禁止拍攝軍事設施和安全部隊。 ATM 不接受非德涅斯特河沿岸銀行的銀行卡，使用的貨幣為德涅斯特河沿岸盧布。請避開烏克蘭邊境附近地區，尤其是南部地區，因為那裡有飛彈殘骸。如果您經德涅斯特河沿岸進入摩爾多瓦，則必須在三天內向摩爾多瓦當局登記，否則出境時將面臨嚴重問題。
