Palestinian Territories
關於Palestinian Territories
| 貨幣 | New Israeli Shekel (NIS) |
| 語言 | Arabic |
| 資本金 | East Jerusalem |
The State of Palestine is composed of the West Bank and Gaza Strip areas. The West Bank is located to the east of Jerusalem, bordering Israel and Jordan. The Gaza Strip borders the Mediterranean Sea, between Israel and Egypt. The boundaries of the Palestinian territory, however, continue to be disputed.
Palestine has suffered a long history of conflict and dispute over its territory and Palestinian sovereignty continues to generate conflict with Israel. The creation of Israel in 1948 led to the displacement of the Arab population out of Israel and into the territories of Palestine - the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. With such an influx of people, the West Bank became a poor, densely-populated and destitute area. In 1964, the Palestine Liberation Organization, a representative for the Palestinian people, was formed. The goal of the organization was to create an independent state and liberate the Palestine people from Israeli oppression. In November 1988, the Palestine Liberation Organization self-declared independence. In 1993, Israel and Palestine signed the Oslo Accord, an accord in which Israel granted the Palestine Liberation Organization administrative control over some of the Palestinian territory. In 2012, Palestine was granted status as a nonmember observer state by the UN, and as of September 2015, 193 of the UN member states recognized the State of Palestine. Nevertheless, conflict and strife continues. Palestinian nationalists fear Israeli control and annexation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, while most Israelis feel as though these lands belong to Israel. These lands were, and continue to be, of strategic importance; the main roads connecting Egypt and Syria run through them as do roads connecting the Mediterranean to the Middle East beyond the Jordan River.
Palestine has a rich blend of cultures and religions. Jews, Christians and Muslims live in Palestine and all three religions recognize the area as the Holy Land. The geography of Palestine is equally diverse with the rocky plateau of Judea, the desert-like Negev region and the deep, dry Jordan Valley (the lowest land depth on Earth).
The president of Palestine is the head of state. Although the capital of Palestine is East Jerusalem, the administrative center is Ramallah. Palestine is very densely populated with a population of approximately 4,420,000 people (2013 estimate).
Palestinian Territories的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
乙肝疫苗
There is a risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to hepatitis A in this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
麻疹,腮腺炎,風疹(MMR)疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for all travellers over 6 months of age.
傷寒疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities, rural areas, or staying with friends and family.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
Palestinian Territories的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對Palestinian Territories的建議。
Palestinian Territories要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis A
There is a risk of exposure to hepatitis A virus in this country through contaminated food or water.
Hepatitis B
There is a risk for acquiring hepatitis B in this country.
對於一些旅行者
Measles
There is a risk of Measles in this country, especially in infants aged 6 to 11 months.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Leishmaniasis
There is a risk of acquiring Leishmaniasis in this country through sand fly bites, particularly between dusk to dawn. Adventure tourists, outdoor athletes, or humanitarian aid workers are at a higher risk.
Typhoid Fever
Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where water and food may not be safe.
Rabies
Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.
Palestinian Territories中的安全性
人身安全
根據巴勒斯坦中央統計局 2024 年的數據,約旦河西岸每 10 萬人口發生 1,035.6 起犯罪行為,但這不包括加薩和東耶路撒冷地區。自 2023 年 10 月以來,衝突升級從根本上改變了巴勒斯坦領土的安全局勢。自 2023 年 10 月以來,以色列軍隊和定居者在約旦河西岸殺害了 1,000 多名巴勒斯坦人,在此期間記錄了 1,800 多起定居者襲擊事件。以色列針對傑寧、圖勒凱爾姆、納布盧斯和拉馬拉等地區難民營的軍事行動將帶來風險。這些行動可能在毫無預警的情況下發生,並導致平民傷亡。遍布約旦河西岸的檢查站造成不可預測的延誤和潛在的衝突。 60 號公路、443 號公路以及巴勒斯坦和以色列共同使用的其他主要道路沿線經常發生暴力事件。在公共海灘和旅遊區,護照、信用卡和貴重物品經常被竊。在加沙,持續不斷的軍事行動造成了極大的危險,自2023年10月以來,已有超過6.7萬名巴勒斯坦人喪生。整個地區都經歷了激烈的戰鬥、無差別的襲擊和人道主義危機。沒有安全區,也無法獲得領事援助。西岸地區可能會在幾乎不經通知的情況下實施行動限制和宵禁。 GPS訊號可能被屏蔽,導致導航應用程式中斷。您應該始終攜帶身份證明。
極端暴力
自 2023 年 10 月以來,與武裝衝突有關的極端暴力事件達到了前所未有的程度。加薩衛生部報告稱,截至 2024 年底,死亡人數超過 44,000 人,其中經聯合國核實的死亡人數 70% 為婦女和兒童。 《刺胳針》的一項研究估計,截至 2024 年 6 月,死於創傷的人數將達到 64,260 人。人權組織稱,以色列軍隊強行驅逐幾乎所有加薩人口,往往是多次驅逐,大規模撤離構成危害人類罪。自 2023 年 10 月 7 日以來,西岸已有 1,000 多名巴勒斯坦人被殺,光是 2025 年 1 月就有 70 人喪生。以色列軍事襲擊傑寧、圖勒凱爾姆、納布盧斯和法拉的難民營,造成大規模流離失所和平民傷亡。這些行動包括不分皂白的攻擊、轟炸居民區和攻擊醫療設施。定居者暴力行為急劇加劇,截至 2024 年 10 月,記錄在案的攻擊事件已超過 1,400 起。 2025 年 6 月 25 日,約 100 名武裝的以色列定居者暴力襲擊了 Kfar Malik 村,造成三人死亡,並試圖燒毀房屋。南希伯倫山區定居點附近和納布盧斯附近的地區尤其危險。巴勒斯坦武裝團體犯下了戰爭罪,包括 2023 年 10 月 7 日的襲擊,造成 1195 名以色列人和外國人死亡。哈馬斯和其他團體繼續劫持人質並殺害在押俘虜。他們向平民區發射不分皂白的火箭彈,儘管造成的傷亡有限。根據記錄,以色列軍隊和巴勒斯坦武裝團體都嚴重違反了國際人道法。衝突涉及在人口稠密地區廣泛使用爆炸性武器、襲擊醫院和學校等民用基礎設施,以及雙方都有記錄顯示對被拘留者實施性暴力、酷刑和其他殘忍待遇的案件。
政治動盪
政治緊張局勢和內亂滲透到巴勒斯坦領土的日常生活中。以色列軍隊、定居者和巴勒斯坦人之間的示威和衝突頻繁,尤其是在重大周年紀念日、宗教節日以及軍事行動期間。耶路撒冷(包括舊城區和東耶路撒冷)的抗議活動頻繁發生,以色列當局可能會限制出入或實施針對年齡和性別的入境要求,尤其是在齋戒月期間。檢查站的暴力衝突屢見不鮮。西岸地區經常發生示威活動,並遭到以色列安全人員的武力鎮壓。 2024年4月30日,巴勒斯坦警方暴力驅散了拉馬拉的大學生抗議活動,60名學生投訴警方過度使用武力。 2024年,西岸的巴勒斯坦當局逮捕了41名記者,對他們的工作進行審訊,時間從數小時到一週不等。獨立人權委員會收到了超過241起關於任意拘留的投訴。在加沙,批評當局的人面臨人身攻擊。 2024年7月8日,哈馬斯批評者阿明‧阿貝德在賈巴利亞難民營遭到蒙面武裝人員攻擊。加薩地帶不允許舉行有組織的反哈馬斯示威活動,但絕望的居民自發性地組織了小規模抗議活動,要求提供食物和援助。約旦河西岸地區可能會在未經警告的情況下實施行動限制,包括設立檢查站、封鎖和宵禁。這些限制會影響通往城市、宗教場所和邊境口岸的通行。通往約旦的陸路邊境口岸可能會在短時間內開放和關閉。法塔赫控制的約旦河西岸與哈馬斯控制的加薩之間的政治分裂為治理和地區間流動帶來了額外的複雜性。
應避免的區域
加薩地帶是極度危險的區域,應避免任何出行。整個地區都面臨著激烈的軍事行動、不分皂白的襲擊、嚴重的糧食和水資源短缺、醫療基礎設施崩潰以及平民無法正常撤離的困境。領事援助也完全無法獲得。自2024年10月以來,加薩北部地區面臨尤為激烈的軍事行動,包括全面圍困、強迫流離失所以及對民用基礎設施的攻擊。約旦河西岸各地的難民營都面臨嚴重的安全風險。傑寧和納布盧斯難民營尤其頻繁地遭受以色列軍事攻擊,造成人員死亡、大規模流離失所和基礎設施被摧毀。圖勒凱爾姆、努爾沙姆斯和法拉難民營也經常遭到軍事入侵。這些行動通常包括全面圍困、限制醫療通道、濫用武力。 60號公路,尤其是納布盧斯附近的路口,曾發生多起暴力事件,包括槍擊、投擲石塊和衝突。連接耶路撒冷和約旦河西岸的443號公路也有頻率安全事件。穿越約旦河谷的90號公路是最危險的道路之一,2003年至2018年間發生了2,250多起事故。以色列定居點附近地區安全情勢嚴峻。南希伯倫山區以及貝特埃爾、霍米甚、希洛和埃維亞塔爾週邊地區最近都發生了涉及定居者的暴力事件。希伯倫H2地區(Ash-Shuhada街和易卜拉欣清真寺周圍)是封閉的軍事區,存在極端組織採取敵對行動的風險。以色列和西岸隔離牆500公尺範圍內的區域是暴力衝突的高風險區域。這些地區的檢查站可能突然關閉,成為暴力衝突的導火線。東耶路撒冷經常出現緊張局勢、示威活動以及巴勒斯坦人出入限制。