Australia
關於Australia
| 貨幣 | Australian dollar (AUD) |
| 語言 | English |
| 資本金 | Canberra |
The Commonwealth of Australia is a continent between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean. It is the sixth-largest country in the world with a population of about 23 million. Australia’s government is a parliamentary democracy with the Queen of England as the chief of state and a prime minister as head of government.
Australia’s aboriginal people probably arrived about 40,000 years ago. In 1788, the first groups of settlers to arrive in Australia were British, many of whom were convicts. British Captain James Cook annexed land in the east to Britain. Penal colonies were established, but gradually more free men arrived. After the discovery of gold in the mid-1800s, waves of immigrants arrived and led to a population boom. Citizens began to demand self-government, and by the 1890s, all the colonies were self-governing. Britain maintained control of foreign affairs and defense. By 1901, the new nation of the Commonwealth of Australia was created.
Australia has one of the highest standards of living. The country is known for the Great Barrier Reef, the outback, Aboriginal cultures, beautiful beaches, and a relaxed and friendly people.
Australia的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
乙肝疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to hepatitis B in this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended
對於一些旅行者
麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
狂犬病疫苗
Rabies vaccination is recommended for travellers who may come in contact with bats (i. e. cavers, adventure travellers, researchers, and anyone working with bats).
黃熱病疫苗
There is no risk of yellow fever in this country. However, Australia requires all persons over 1 year of age to have proof of the yellow fever vaccination if arriving from a country or region where yellow fever is present, and with the exception of the Galapagos Islands in Ecuador, including transit of 12 hours or more in an airport of a country where there is a risk of yellow fever transmission and with the same exception as mentioned above.
日本腦炎疫苗
Vaccination is recommended for short-term travellers (less than one month) who plan extensive outdoor activities in tropical areas, particularly on the islands of the Torres Strait and Cape York Peninsula in northeastern Australia and in the Murray River. It is also recommended for long-term travellers (trips lasting a month or more) in the endemic areas.
Australia的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對Australia的建議。
Australia要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Dengue Fever
Dengue fever outbreaks have occurred in north and central Queensland.
對於一些旅行者
West Nile Fever
There is a risk of acquiring West Nile virus in this country.
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis occurs in tropical and subtropical regions of Australia.
Hepatitis B
There is a risk for acquiring hepatitis B in this country.
Measles
There is a risk of acquiring Measles in this country.
Tuberculosis
Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the healthcare field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Ross River Fever
There is a risk of acquiring Ross River virus in some areas of Australia.
Murray Valley Encephalitis Virus
Outbreaks of Murray Valley encephalitis occur in some parts of Australia, usually during the warm, rainy summer months when the mosquito population is increased.
Japanese encephalitis
In Australia, there is a risk for Japanese encephalitis year-round on the islands of the Torres Strait and Cape York Peninsula in northeastern Australia and in the Murray River. The risk for travellers of contracting Japanese encephalitis is low, but visiting the listed areas and extensive outdoor activity in rural areas will increase this risk.
Rabies
Rabies occurs in bats in this country.
Yellow Fever
There is no risk of yellow fever in this country. However, Australia requires all persons over 1 year of age to have proof of the yellow fever vaccination if arriving from a country or region where yellow fever is present, and with the exception of the Galapagos Islands in Ecuador, including transit of 12 hours or more in an airport of a country where there is a risk of yellow fever transmission and with the same exception as mentioned above.
Australia中的安全性
人身安全
就人身安全而言，澳洲是全球較安全的國家之一。大多數主要城市和偏遠地區的暴力犯罪率都很低。整體兇殺率約為每 10 萬人 2 人死亡，遠低於許多同類國家。財產犯罪雖有發生，但仍處於中等水平。竊盜和入室盜竊可能發生在繁忙的零售區和旅遊熱點地區。與市中心街區相比，遠郊郊區的入室盜竊率更高。警方記錄的性侵犯案件在 2024 年達到時間序列中的最高值，全國報告的受害者約為 40,000 人。截至 2025 年 6 月的一年中，維多利亞州記錄的犯罪事件增加了 18.3%，攀升至 483,583 起。昆士蘭州報告的襲擊案件在 2024 年比前一年增加了 5%，受害者超過 61,000 人。大多數暴力犯罪發生在互相認識的人之間，而不是陌生人的隨機攻擊。
極端暴力
與全球標準相比，澳洲經歷的恐怖主義事件數量較低。恐怖主義威脅等級仍然存在，但實際攻擊很少發生。 2014 年至 2025 年間，警方在執行攻擊前挫敗了多起預謀攻擊。 2024 年 4 月，一名 16 歲少年在雪梨的一次教會禮拜中刺傷了一名主教和一名牧師，當局將此歸類為恐怖主義。 2024 年 12 月墨爾本一座猶太教堂的燃燒彈襲擊被視為恐怖事件進行調查，澳洲安全情報組織 (ASIO) 後來在 2025 年 8 月確定伊朗參與了這次襲擊的策劃。自 2014 年以來，大多數被挫敗的攻擊陰謀都涉及受極端主義思想影響的個人，而不是有組織的團體。由於嚴格的槍枝管制，槍枝暴力仍然極為罕見。在公共場所遭受隨機極端暴力行為的風險極小。政府維持積極的反恐戰略和情報行動。右翼極端主義已成為日益嚴重的問題，新納粹團體參與了一些事件。自 2023 年 10 月以色列與加薩衝突爆發以來，多個州發生的反猶太事件（包括破壞和威脅猶太教堂）的報告不斷增加。
政治動盪
政治示威活動在各大城市頻繁發生，尤其是在雪梨和墨爾本。自 2023 年 10 月以來，親巴勒斯坦抗議活動一直持續，其中一些抗議活動吸引了數萬人參與。 2025 年 8 月，一場大規模抗議活動導致示威者遊行穿過雪梨海港大橋。這些集會總體上保持和平，但抗議者和反抗議者之間偶爾會發生衝突。 2025 年 8 月，以「為澳洲遊行」為旗號的反移民集會吸引了全國約 54,000 人參加。維多利亞州警方在墨爾本抗議者和反示威者發生衝突時使用了胡椒噴霧。這些集會遭到聯邦政府的譴責，並被指與新納粹組織有關。原住民權利抗議活動每年 1 月 26 日舉行，吸引大批倡導承認和正義的人群。環境和氣候抗議活動定期發生，包括 2024 年 9 月在墨爾本舉行的陸軍抗議活動，當時有 82 人被捕。警方在大型示威活動中保持大量存在，通常會將對立團體隔離。在大型抗議活動期間，您可能會遇到道路封閉和公共交通中斷的情況。大多數示威活動都是提前策劃和宣傳的。抗議活動中的暴力事件並不常見，但當對立團體之間發生衝突時，緊張局勢可能會升級。
應避免的區域
大城市整體較安全，但部分郊區和地區的犯罪率較高。雪梨的德魯伊特山、雷德芬、國王十字區和彭里斯等地犯罪率較高。德魯伊特山在最近的報告期間內記錄了超過 11,000 起犯罪事件。墨爾本中央商務區是維多利亞州犯罪率最高的地區，每 10 萬名居民中約有 2 萬起犯罪。布羅德梅多斯、丹德農和弗蘭克斯頓等郊區的財產犯罪和攻擊率較高。在阿德萊德，諾阿倫加中心的人均暴力犯罪率是全國最高的，2024 年的攻擊率最高。伊莉莎白的財產竊盜和暴力犯罪率也很高。北領地的愛麗絲泉犯罪指數為 66.6，是全國最危險的地區之一。 2023 年實施了宵禁和禁酒令。達爾文和滕南特克里克的犯罪率也較高。昆士蘭州羅克漢普頓的犯罪指數為67.2，每千人發生132起犯罪。湯斯維爾和凱恩斯的青少年犯罪和財產犯罪率很高。珀斯內城區在統計數據上是最危險的地區，儘管這可能與該區商業區在下班後變得冷清有關。在選擇住宿之前，您應該對特定的郊區進行調查。大城市北部郊區的犯罪率通常低於西部和西南部的外郊區。
