Puerto Rico
關於Puerto Rico
| 貨幣 | US dollar (USD) |
| 語言 | Spanish and English |
| 資本金 | San Juan |
The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico is an island located in the northeastern Caribbean Sea, east of the Dominican Republic and west of the Virgin Islands. The population is about 4 million people.
Puerto Rico is an unincorporated territory of the United States. The government is a commonwealth with the President of the United States as chief of state and a governor as head of government.
Christopher Columbus claimed Puerto Rico for Spain in 1493, and San Juan became an important Spanish outpost. After the Spanish-American War, Puerto Rico was ceded to the United States, and Puerto Ricans gained US citizenship in 1917.
Puerto Rico is a popular tourist destination and port of call for cruise liners. Tourism is important to the economy, and there are about 2 million visitors each year. Visitors can find beaches, caves, and coral reefs. This cosmopolitan island has Spanish forts dating to the 15th century, museums, colonial buildings, casinos and shopping.
Puerto Rico的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
乙肝疫苗
There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
傷寒疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended; especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
Puerto Rico的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對Puerto Rico的建議。
Puerto Rico要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Dengue Fever
Dengue fever outbreaks have occurred in Puerto Rico, and the risk to travellers is significant.
Hepatitis B
There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Puerto Rico.
Chikungunya Fever
Chikungunya fever has occurred in this country.
Hepatitis A
There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Puerto Rico through contaminated food or water. Infection can still occur at tourist destinations and resorts.
對於一些旅行者
Schistosomiasis
There is a low risk of schistosomiasis in Puerto Rico . This disease is acquired through contact with fresh water, such as swimming, bathing, or rafting. Well-chlorinated swimming pools and contact with saltwater in oceans or seas will not put travellers at risk for schistosomiasis.
Zika Fever
There is transmission of the Zika virus in this country.
Typhoid Fever
Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Puerto Rico, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, where food and water sources may be contaminated.
Rabies
Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.
Puerto Rico中的安全性
人身安全
波多黎各犯罪率中等,2023 年報告犯罪案件 69,571 起,較 2022 年略有下降。 2024 年的兇殺率為每 10 萬名居民 15.3 起。大多數暴力犯罪與販毒和幫派活動有關,集中在您不太可能前往的特定社區。舊聖胡安、伊斯拉維德、孔達多和度假區等旅遊區加強了警力部署,白天通常比較安全。小偷小摸、扒手和搶錢包仍然是影響遊客最常見的犯罪,通常發生在人流密集的地區、海灘和熱門旅遊景點。在海灘和旅遊景點,無人看管的物品經常被偷走。武裝搶劫發生的頻率較低,但可能發生在偏僻地區或夜間。大多數犯罪是機會主義的,而不是有針對性的。聖胡安的整體犯罪率為每十萬人227.3起,低於許多地區的平均值。旅遊中心擁有專門的旅遊警察,他們精通英語,並專注於遊客安全。雖然有犯罪,但主要集中在非旅遊社區和很少涉及遊客的毒品相關活動。
極端暴力
槍枝犯罪、毒品販運和幫派活動在波多黎各依然猖獗。 2024年,兇殺案發生率達到每十萬居民15.3起,其中93.6%的兇殺案與槍枝有關。暴力事件仍然高度集中在與毒品交易和幫派領地糾紛相關的特定地區。 2023年兇殺案減少至439起,較2022年減少116起,較2021年減少171起,情況有所改善。大多數暴力事件發生在熟人之間,47.1%的男性兇殺案受害者先前已被當局知曉。 45.3%的男性兇殺案與毒品有關,38.2%的兇殺案與幫派有關。對女性受害者而言,親密伴侶暴力佔兇殺案的29.8%。由於此類暴力事件主要集中在低收入社區、公共住宅計畫和販運組織控制的地區,遊客面臨的風險極小。高謀殺率主要源自於利潤豐厚的毒品交易,波多黎各是古柯鹼和其他毒品運往美國本土的中轉站。經濟不平等和持續的債務危機加劇了犯罪活動。高犯罪率地區的警力增加,包括聯邦調查局在內的聯邦機構也與地方當局合作。劫車和持械搶劫事件時有發生,但對於住在觀光區的遊客來說,這類事件相對少見。
政治動盪
2019 年 7 月,波多黎各爆發大規模抗議活動,導致總督里卡多·羅塞略辭職。抗議活動爆發於洩露的短信,該短信揭露了腐敗、厭女症、恐同症以及對颶風瑪麗亞受害者的嘲弄,引發了全島數十萬人的抗議。據估計,2019 年 7 月 24 日,110 萬人參加了總罷工,幾乎佔島上人口的三分之一。警方使用了催淚瓦斯,並在聖胡安舊城區的拉福塔萊薩外與抗議者發生衝突。這是自 21 世紀初成功結束美國海軍在別克斯島訓練的運動以來規模最大的動員。政治緊張局勢仍然與島上的債務危機、聯邦監督委員會實施的緊縮措施以及颶風瑪莉亞之後的持續復原有關。針對腐敗、政府服務和經濟狀況的小規模抗議活動仍在定期發生。 2020年,數百人參加了喬治·佛洛伊德聲援抗議活動。政治動盪通常集中在聖胡安,尤其是在聖胡安老城區的政府大樓周圍。近年來,局勢相對穩定,沒有大規模抗議活動,但人們對經濟挑戰和政府表現的不滿仍然存在。政治示威活動偶爾會導致首都道路封閉或公共服務中斷。遊客應關注當地新聞,並在已宣布的抗議活動期間避開政府大樓。
應避免的區域
聖胡安舊城區的 La Perla 街區歷來被認為是最危險的地區,儘管近年來已向遊客開放,自 2017 年 Despacito 音樂錄影帶拍攝以來變得更加安全。但社區居民仍然對遊客保持警惕,不贊成拍照。前往時請多加註意。聖胡安老城西北部的 Puerta de Tierra 犯罪率較高。聖圖爾塞有安全區也有危險區,建議遊客盡量前往人口密集區和主要廣場,如 La Placita。應避免前往聖胡安各地的公共住宅項目,尤其是在夜間。犯罪率最高的街區包括聖胡安、巴亞蒙(每 1,000 名居民發生 60.57 起犯罪)和卡羅萊納地區。 Isla Verde 附近的 Piñones 區在夜間可能很危險。龐塞部分地區犯罪率較高。別克斯和庫萊布拉的偏遠地區雖然很受遊客歡迎,但也存在一些與販毒有關的犯罪活動。包括聖胡安老城區(白天)、佛得角島、孔達多、海洋公園、多拉多和帕爾馬斯德爾瑪在內的旅遊區總體上仍然安全,有明顯的警力和安保措施。農村社區和較小的市鎮通常犯罪率較低。島嶼東部地區被認為是最安全的。避免在夜間獨自行走,選擇路燈明亮的街道,並遵循當地居民關於每個街區內應避開哪些特定街區或街道的建議。