Armenia
關於Armenia
| 貨幣 | Dram (AMD) |
| 語言 | Armenian |
| 資本金 | Yerevan |
The Republic of Armenia lies between Turkey and Azerbaijan and is considered to be in both Europe and the Middle East. This country of about 3 million people is one of the oldest societies in the world. Armenia was the first nation to formally adopt Christianity as early as the 4th century, and today, 94 percent of the population belong to the Armenian Apostolic Church. A constitutional referendum that was approved in December 2015 will change the government to a parliamentary republic during the 2017-2018 election cycle.
Located on the Great Silk Road route, Armenia was frequently overrun by Turks, Russians, Arabs, and others. In recent history, Armenia acquired independence from the Soviet Union in September 1991. In 2015, the country decided against joining the European Union and joined the Russian-led Eurasian Customs Union.
Armenia has been developing the tourism sector and is becoming an increasingly popular destination. Some sites that tourists can enjoy are the Shikahogh State Reserve, the second largest forest reserve in the country, ancient monasteries, Mount Aragats, and Karahunj, which is made up of over 200 enormous stone tombs.
Armenia的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
乙肝疫苗
There is a risk for acquiring hepatitis B in this country.
對於一些旅行者
麻疹,腮腺炎,風疹(MMR)疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for all travellers over 6 months of age.
卡介苗芽孢桿菌(BCG)疫苗
BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk from coming in close contact with infected persons or for unvaccinated, children under 16 years of age, who will live in Armenia for more than 3 months.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
傷寒疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in Armenia through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities, rural areas, or staying with friends and family.
Armenia的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對Armenia的建議。
Armenia要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis B
There is a risk for acquiring hepatitis B in this country.
Hepatitis A
There is a risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in this country through contaminated food or water.
對於一些旅行者
Rift Valley Fever (RVF)
Sporadic outbreaks of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) may occur in this country.
West Nile Fever
There is a risk of acquiring West Nile virus in this country.
Chikungunya Fever
Chikungunya fever has occurred in this country.
Measles
There is a risk of Measles in this country, especially in infants aged 6 to 11 months.
Leishmaniasis
There is a risk of acquiring Leishmaniasis in this country through sand fly bites, particularly between dusk to dawn. Adventure tourists, outdoor athletes, or humanitarian aid workers are at a higher risk.
Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever
There is a risk of acquiring Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in this country through specific insect, bug or tick bites or by coming in close contact with a person or animal infected with this disease. Travellers involved in activities like hiking, camping, working with animals, and visiting farms and forested areas are at a higher risk. There are no vaccinations (or medications) to prevent Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis occurs in this country. Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the healthcare field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.
Typhoid Fever
Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Armenia, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where water and food may not be safe.
Rabies
Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.
Armenia中的安全性
人身安全
亞美尼亞整體犯罪率較低。針對遊客的暴力犯罪很少發生,小偷小摸是最常見的問題。扒手和搶包事件在埃里溫和其他大城市時有發生,尤其是在共和國廣場、展覽會開幕日市場等人群密集的地區以及公共交通工具上,尤其是開往格魯吉亞的火車上。犯罪統計顯示,亞美尼亞的兇殺率為每10萬人2.19起,低於許多西方城市。埃里溫以外地區的警察力量有限,而且反應時間可能很長。茲瓦爾特諾茨國際機場的計程車司機有時會向遊客收取過高的費用。毒品法非常嚴格,持有、使用或走私非法物質(包括大麻、CBD和THC產品),即使是出於醫療目的,也會被處以高額罰款和長期監禁。禁止拍攝政府或軍事場所以及穿著制服的人員,否則將被拘留。雖然亞美尼亞人普遍友善且樂於助人,根據蓋洛普民意調查,86%的亞美尼亞人願意幫助陌生人,但遊客在旅遊區仍應保持警惕。一些遊客報告稱,他們遭到了警察或當地官員的騷擾和勒索。有組織的犯罪網絡確實存在,但很少影響遊客。
極端暴力
亞美尼亞近期沒有恐怖主義歷史,也未發生過恐怖事件。多個政府旅行警告確認不能排除襲擊的可能性,但請注意,威脅等級仍然很低。該國面臨的恐怖主義威脅程度不如其他大國,與阿塞拜疆持續的邊境緊張局勢本質上是政治和軍事問題,而與全球恐怖主義網絡無關。 2022 年,埃里溫曾發出針對旅遊景點、餐廳和旅館等公共區域的炸彈警報,但這些警報僅導致保全人員加強,而並未造成實際攻擊。歷史上的亞美尼亞恐怖組織 ASALA 和 JCAG 已於 1988 年基本瓦解。雖然恐怖主義不是一個重大問題,但旅行者仍應注意周圍環境並遵循當地政府的指導。主要的安全疑慮是阿塞拜疆邊境附近潛在的武裝衝突,而不是該國境內的恐怖主義或極端暴力事件。
政治動盪
自2020 年以來,亞美尼亞政治抗議活動頻傳,主要與納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫衝突以及與亞塞拜然的邊界劃分有關。 2020-2021 年、2023 年和 2024 年都發生了大規模示威活動,抗議者要求總理尼科爾·帕希尼揚辭職。 2024 年的抗議活動被稱為“祖國塔武什”,封鎖了埃里溫-梅格里、埃里溫-久姆裡等主要公路以及通往格魯吉亞的州際公路。抗議者與警察的衝突導致人員受傷,數百人被捕。 2024 年 6 月,衝突中有 100 多人受傷,其中包括 17 名警察,98 人被拘留。一些抗議活動演變成暴力事件,示威者向警方投擲瓶子和石塊,並試圖衝擊政府大樓。亞美尼亞使徒教會參與了最近的抗議活動,巴格拉特·加爾斯坦揚大主教成為抗議活動的領導者。雖然示威活動通常由反對黨或活動團體組織,旨在強調社會和政治問題,但它們可能會導致交通和公共交通中斷。即使是和平示威也可能毫無預警地演變成暴力事件。報道抗議活動的記者面臨騷擾、威脅和人身暴力。鑑於與阿塞拜疆的持續緊張關係以及國內政治分歧,進一步的示威活動可能還會持續下去。
應避免的區域
由於武裝衝突風險,旅客必須避開與阿塞拜疆接壤的東部邊境5公里範圍內的所有地區。具體禁區包括瓦爾代尼斯以東的格加爾庫尼克地區、戈里斯以東和卡潘以南的休尼克地區,以及在索特克、特格、傑爾穆克和卡潘附近發生衝突的地區。允許穿越阿拉拉特地區的葉拉斯赫村,但禁止停留。由於邊境局勢緊張,應避免使用伊傑萬和諾耶姆別良之間的M16/H26公路。美國大使館員工及其家屬非必要原因不得前往這些邊境地區。亞美尼亞-阿塞拜疆邊境附近過去曾發生過軍事行動,儘管已經停火,但緊張局勢依然加劇。亞美尼亞與亞塞拜然的邊境已關閉,軍事化程度很高,國際邊界沿線多處地點偶爾發生違反停火事件和武裝衝突。檢查站可能會在未經通知的情況下控制道路或關閉道路,部分路段可能會在未經警告的情況下跨越國際邊界。與土耳其的陸地邊界仍然關閉。先前有爭議的納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫地區在2023年9月的軍事行動後,目前處於阿塞拜疆的控制之下,超過10萬亞美尼亞族人逃往亞美尼亞。大多數旅遊景點和城市都遠離這些衝突地區,例如塞凡湖西岸的埃里溫以及主要的修道院,都位於遠離禁區的安全地帶。