Central African Republic

Central African Republic的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

乙肝疫苗

There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

甲型肝炎疫苗

There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended. Infants 6 to 11 months old should also be vaccinated against the disease.

對於一些旅行者

脊髓灰質炎疫苗

A single lifetime booster dose of Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) is recommended for adults who received the routine polio vaccination series as children.

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

One dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) is recommended to infants 6 to 11 months prior to international travel.

卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗

A BCG vaccine is recommended for all unvaccinated adults and children under 16 years of age, staying in the country for more than 3 months. A tuberculin skin test is required prior to administering vaccination for all children from 6 years of age.

黃熱病疫苗

This country requires all persons 9 months of age or older to have proof of the yellow fever vaccination on arrival.

腦膜炎疫苗

Because this country is located in the sub-Saharan meningitis belt, vaccination against meningitis is recommended if travelling during the dry season (November to February), maybe a little a longer in the northern region.

霍亂疫苗

The U.K. NaTHNaC recommends the oral cholera vaccine for some travellers whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk, travelling to areas of active cholera transmission. These risk factors include: aid workers; those going to areas of cholera outbreaks who have limited access to potable water and medical care; travellers for whom the vaccination would be considered potentially beneficial, such as chronic medical conditions. The U.S. CDC recommends the cholera vaccine for travellers who are 18-64 years of age and who plan to travel to areas of active cholera transmission. CDC notes that most travellers do not travel to areas of active cholera transmission, and that safe food and water practices can prevent many cholera infections.

狂犬病疫苗

Pre-travel vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) and who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Persons with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates should be vaccinated.

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Central African Republic的推薦藥物

對於一些旅行者

抗瘧藥

Recommended anti-malaria medications includes atovaquone-proguanil, mefloquine or doxycycline. Resistance to chloroquine and sulfadoxime-pyrimethamine has been reported.

Central African Republic要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Hepatitis B

There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Central African Republic.

Chikungunya Fever

Chikungunya fever has occurred in this country.

Hepatitis A

There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Central African Republic through contaminated food or water.

Dengue Fever

Outbreaks of dengue fever may occur.

Cholera

Cholera outbreaks have occurred in Central African Republic. The risk to travellers is low unless living or working in poor sanitary conditions, drinking untreated water or eating poorly cooked or raw seafood in this country.

對於一些旅行者

Measles

There is a risk of exposure to measles in the country.

Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever

There is a risk of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic fever in the Central African Republic.

Leishmaniasis

There is a risk of acquiring Leishmaniasis in the country. The infection is transmitted by the bite of infected phlebotomine sandfly.

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring hantavirus in the Central African Republic through contaminated food or by coming into contact with someone infected with the virus.

Malaria

All areas of Central African Republic are at risk for malaria.

Polio

There is a risk of acquiring Polio in the country and is transmitted from one person to another when droplets from a sneeze or cough of an infected person gets into the mouth of another person.

Monkeypox

There is a risk of monkeypox in the country. The disease can be caused by being scratched or bitten by an infected animal (a rodent or primate), or touching animal products, including skins and meat and being near an infected person who is coughing or sneezing.

West Nile Fever

The virus is transmitted to animals, birds and humans by mosquitoes. Symptoms include fever, headache, tiredness, body aches, nausea, and skin rash.

Rift Valley Fever (RVF)

Commonly spread via contact with domesticated animals infected with the virus. These include cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and camels, among others.

African Tick Bite Fever

There is an increased risk of this disease in this country.

Sleeping Sickness (Type 1)

There is an increased risk for travellers spending a lot of time outdoors or visiting game parks. Travellers to urban areas not at risk.

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis occurs in Central African Republic. Travellers to Central African Republic are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Central African Republic, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Meningitis

Meningitis outbreaks may occur in Central African Republic. Travellers who visit during the dry season (November to February), maybe a little longer in the northern region or expect to have prolonged contact with the local population are especially at risk.

Yellow Fever

There is risk of yellow fever in this country. All persons 9 months of age or older must have proof of the yellow fever vaccination on arrival.

Zika Fever

Zika fever may occur in this country.

Schistosomiasis

This disease is present in this country and is acquired through contact with fresh water, such as swimming, bathing, or rafting. Well-chlorinated swimming pools and contact with saltwater in oceans or seas will not put travellers at risk for schistosomiasis.

Rabies

Rabies occurs in the Central African Republic. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

Central African Republic中的安全性

人身安全

中非共和國仍然是遊客最危險的國家之一。武裝衝突持續席捲該國大部分地區，平民遇襲事件頻繁。截至2024年6月，超過120萬中非人淪為難民或境內流離失所者，充分顯示該國持續存在的安全隱患。武裝團體控制著大片領土，尤其是在農村地區，他們以平民、人道主義工作者和旅行者為目標。 2024年1月至8月期間，共發生97起針對人道行動者的騷擾和武裝搶劫事件。犯罪率極高，偷竊和武裝搶劫成為人們賴以生存的手段。綁架對外國人構成嚴重威脅。全國各地局勢依然緊張，安全局勢可能在沒有任何預警的情況下突然惡化。在較穩定的西南部地區，輕微犯罪活動依然存在，但衝突事件可能迅速升級為極度危險的事件。公路檢查站隨處可見，但並非所有檢查站都是官方設立的。在這些檢查站，你可能會被要求賄賂，護照或電子產品等物品可能會被沒收，並要求支付贖金才能歸還。根據記錄，在偏遠地區，車輛遭到槍擊，造成人員死亡、搶劫以及其他針對旅客的暴力攻擊。軍人和平民在車隊行駛時喪生。除班吉外，全國實施宵禁，宵禁時間為午夜至凌晨5點。在許多地區，使館對外國公民的支持極為有限，甚至無法獲得。

極端暴力

該國面臨多個武裝團體持續的極端暴力行為。自2021年以來，武裝團體經常發動暴力攻擊，西北部、東部和南部的民眾首當其衝。 2023年7月至2024年6月期間，中非穩定團人權部門記錄了2,724起侵害人權和虐待行為，影響到4,121名受害者。其中1575起侵權行為是由武裝團體造成的。 2024年10月和2025年1月，在姆博穆省和上姆博穆省發生的兩波襲擊中，至少有24人喪生，一些受害者被即決處決。這些攻擊是由與國家軍隊有關的武裝團體瓦格納·蒂·阿贊德（Wagner Ti Azandé）的成員指揮的。襲擊者也對24名受害者實施了性暴力。 2024 年 7 月，武裝團體 3R 在博卡蘭加郊外殺害了至少 12 人，並在 2024 年 4 月在博洪郊外處決了至少 16 名農民。上帝抵抗軍和其他準軍事團體經常襲擊東南部，特別是上姆博穆省的平民。暴力事件也針對聯合國維和人員，自中非穩定團任務開始以來已有 176 人喪生。 2023 年初，中非共產黨叛軍使用改良的武器發動了新一輪攻擊。國家軍隊與俄羅斯僱傭兵和盧安達部隊以及愛國者變革聯盟成員之間的戰鬥有所減少，但有時仍然激烈。對人道工作者的攻擊頻繁發生。在瓦格納集團控制的恩達米薩金礦的一次事件中，至少有 11 人被槍殺。

政治動盪

2023 年憲法公投取消了自 2016 年以來一直執政的總統福斯坦-阿爾尚熱·圖瓦德拉的任期限制，此後政治空間日益受限。反對派譴責這次公投是一場鬧劇。公投運動結束後，政治對手在 2024 年成為攻擊目標，民間團體、媒體和反對黨遭到鎮壓。抗議、遊行和示威活動可能在毫無預兆的情況下發生，並會遭遇大批警察和安全部隊的駐守。抗議活動先前曾造成人員傷亡。示威活動曾在西方大使館前和首都的政治要地舉行。氣氛可能迅速變化，且沒有任何預兆。如果當局懷疑你參與了違法活動，你可能會被拘留。被稱為「鯊魚」和第 7 領土步兵營的親政府民兵組織參與了反對派成員的失蹤事件。原定於2024年10月舉行的地方選舉因資金不足而延至至少2025年4月。總統選舉也將於2025年舉行。主要反對派聯盟宣布，將抵制未經實質改革的選舉。近年來，政府機構對人權捍衛者、獨立媒體和反對派進行了打壓，許多人遭到逮捕或騷擾。兩個動員青年的親政府協會積極為公投造勢，並在網路和街頭騷擾反對者。

應避免的區域

應避開該國大部分地區。班吉以外的安全局勢極為動盪。武裝團體控制大片地區，尤其是農村地區。由於持續不斷的暴力衝突以及對自然資源和主要道路控制權的爭奪，西北部和東部地區仍然特別危險。東南部的上姆博穆省經常遭到聖主抵抗軍和其他準軍事組織的攻擊。姆博穆省和上姆博穆省分別於2024年10月和2025年1月遭受了致命攻擊。西北部與喀麥隆接壤的邊境地區遭受了武裝團體3R的襲擊，據報道在博卡蘭加和博洪以外地區發生了殺戮事件。全國各地的偏遠地區面臨的風險最高，武裝團體肆意活動。由於爆炸裝置，西北部局勢尤其令人擔憂。這些地區的平民無法獲得基本的人道援助。金礦和鑽石礦場週邊地區競爭激烈，暴力衝突頻繁。即使在班吉，部落間暴力事件和武裝衝突也可能毫無預警地爆發。不建議獨自在該國任何地方旅行。儘管自2021年政府軍重新控制大多數主要城市以來，情況有所改善，但農村地區仍存在一些不安全的地方，武裝分子試圖佔領礦場或參與土匪活動。東南邊境地區經常發生針對平民的攻擊，攻擊者包括阿贊德·阿尼·克皮·格貝族民兵和中非共和國和平聯盟。