Vanuatu
關於Vanuatu
| 貨幣 | Vanuatu vatu (VUV) |
| 語言 | Bislama; English; French |
| 資本金 | Port Vila |
The Republic of Vanuatu is an island nation of more than 80 islands in the South Pacific Ocean. The population is about 272,000 people. Prior to the 18th century, there were many waves of colonizers to the islands, and as a result, this small nation has more than 100 local languages.
Formerly known as the New Hebrides, the islands were jointly administered by the French and British from 1906. After a movement for independence developed in the 1970s, the islands gained independence in 1980 and adopted the name, Vanuatu. The government is a parliamentary republic with a president as chief of state and a prime minister as head of government.
Much of Vanuatu is covered with tropical rainforests. There are several active volcanoes. The area is at risk for earthquakes, tsunamis and cyclones. In 2015, Cyclone PAM caused much devastation.
Coral reefs, caves, and one of the largest shipwrecks in the world provide scuba diving opportunities. Visitors can enjoy eco tours, fishing, hiking trails, kayaking, and beautiful beaches.
Vanuatu的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
乙肝疫苗
There is a risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country. Therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to hepatitis A in this country. Therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗
BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk from coming in close contact with infected persons or for unvaccinated, children under 16 years of age, who are going to live in the country for more than 3 months.
麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers whose activities or employment may bring them into direct contact with bats (i.e. adventure travellers, veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers, etc.).
傷寒疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities, rural areas, or staying with friends and family.
Vanuatu的推薦藥物
對於一些旅行者
抗瘧藥
Recommended medications are atovaquone/proguanil, doxycycline, or mefloquine. Anti-malaria drug resistance for chloroquine is present.
Vanuatu要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis B
There is a risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Vanuatu.
Hepatitis A
There is a risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Vanuatu through contaminated food and water. Infection can still occur at tourist destinations and resorts.
Dengue Fever
Outbreaks of dengue fever may occur in Vanuatu.
對於一些旅行者
Measles
There is a risk of acquiring Measles in this country.
Malaria
There is a risk of exposure to malaria throughout the islands.
Chikungunya Fever
There is a risk of acquiring Chikungunya in this country.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Rabies
Rabies has only been reported in wild animals and perhaps in bats in this country. Most travellers are at low risk. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) may be at risk.
Typhoid Fever
Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Vanuatu, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis occurs in this country. Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the healthcare field, or having close prolonged contact with a sick person.
Zika Fever
Zika virus may occur in this country.
Vanuatu中的安全性
人身安全
瓦努阿圖犯罪率低，並被美國國務院列為一級旅遊警告，這意味著您應該採取正常的預防措施。在 7 月 30 日獨立日和聖誕節等重大假期期間，犯罪率會上升，尤其是在維拉港。小偷小摸事件時有發生，但暴力犯罪很少見，不過在維拉港的夜總會和酒吧曾發生過針對外國人的襲擊事件，尤其是在天黑之後。夜間偏僻的地方和光線昏暗的街道風險較高。即使有人在場，入室行竊也會發生。據報道，酒吧裡有人在飲料中下藥，所以要注意飲料的準備，不要讓飲料無人看管。 ATM 和信用卡詐騙時有發生，因此請使用監控良好的地方的機器，並在訪問後監控帳戶。自然災害構成重大威脅。氣旋季節從 11 月持續到 4 月，但全年都可能發生風暴。瓦努阿圖位於環太平洋火山帶，每年經歷 2,000 多起地震，包括 5.0 級以上的常規地震。島嶼上分佈著幾座活火山。 2024年12月，維拉港發生7.2級地震，造成建築物損壞及山崩，部分中央商務區將持續關閉至2025年。塔納島亞蘇爾山及其他地區的火山活動較為活躍，建議遊客在前往前監測警戒等級。瘧疾肆虐，尤其是在北部地區，登革熱也席捲整個島嶼。水上活動可能受到強水流、珊瑚和鯊魚的威脅。 2024年中，維拉港海域曾發生數起鯊魚目擊事件和輕微攻擊事件。
極端暴力
瓦努阿圖是大洋洲有組織犯罪最少的國家之一，在接受評估的 14 個大洋洲國家中，其整體犯罪率為 2.43。針對遊客的暴力犯罪很少見，攻擊和幫派暴力事件的發生率遠低於斐濟和巴布亞紐幾內亞等鄰近太平洋國家。瓦努阿圖近期沒有發生恐怖主義事件，但不能排除發生過攻擊的可能性。與其他一些美拉尼西亞國家不同，瓦努阿圖沒有經歷過武裝衝突或內戰。人口販運的規模有限，主要作為受害者在島嶼之間轉移以尋求勞動或性剝削的過境國，但規模仍然很小。武器販運和假冒商品貿易的活動有限。敲詐勒索和索取保護費的情況並不普遍。由於瓦努阿圖擁有許多較小的島嶼，因此成為前往澳洲的毒販的潛在藏身之處，儘管該國本身並沒有嚴重的毒品使用或交易問題。性別暴力和性侵犯令人擔憂，相當一部分女性遭受伴侶或家庭成員的侵犯，但這通常會影響居民而不是遊客。
政治動盪
瓦努阿圖長期處於政治不穩定狀態，其特徵是政府頻繁更迭，而非國內騷亂或暴力事件。該國在很大程度上避免了美拉尼西亞其他地區出現的政治暴力。 2022 年至 2023 年間，瓦努阿圖有來自四個政黨的四任總理，這些變化都是由於不信任動議或其威脅而導致的。光是 2023 年，就有三屆政府因議會操縱而更迭。議員跳槽和以犧牲治理重點為代價的聯盟建設造成了這種旋轉門效應。針對政治不穩定的公眾抗議活動時有發生，包括 2023 年公民和活動人士在議會外舉行的示威活動，要求解決問題並實現穩定的治理。 2024 年的全民公投旨在透過要求議員留在其政黨或放棄席位來減少不穩定因素。政治危機擾亂了發展項目，推遲了預算通過，阻礙了颶風後的復原工作，並浪費了有限的政府資金。儘管政府不穩定，民間騷亂和大規模抗議活動仍然不常見。不穩定的根源在於體制和議會動態，而非種族緊張、暴力運動或專制威脅。自1980年獨立以來，民主制度一直保持完好，並透過選舉定期實現和平的權力交接。
應避免的區域
維拉港的黑沙地區犯罪率較高，應避免前往。 2024 年 12 月地震後，由於正在拆除受損建築物並進行安全評估，維拉港中央商務區部分地區仍關閉。由於地震引發的山體滑坡，部分地區無法進入。維拉港的遊輪碼頭仍因山崩而與外界隔絕。由於火山頻繁活動，安巴埃島和安布里姆島部分地區面臨永久疏散令。多個島嶼的火山警戒等級可能會發生意外變化，包括塔納島、安布里姆島、安巴埃島、高阿島和洛佩維島。在 3 級警戒下，應避開火山山頂和附近地區。在 11 月至 4 月的颶風季節，沿海住宿可能需要疏散到內陸安全中心，前往外島的旅行可能會中斷數天。島嶼上偏僻的海灘和地點在夜間有風險。許多海灘位於私人土地上，需要向土地所有者支付參觀費。一些傳統的卡瓦酒吧（稱為“nakamals”），尤其是在維拉港郊外，不歡迎女性。在既定路線之外旅行時，侵入私人土地是一個值得關注的問題，因為土地所有權是一個敏感問題，您可能需要向土地所有者支付參觀費。
