Albania
關於Albania
| 貨幣 | Albanian Lek (ALL) |
| 語言 | Albanian |
| 資本金 | Tirana |
The Republic of Albania, located in southeastern Europe, borders the Adriatic Sea to the west, the Ionian Sea and Greece to the south, Macedonia and Kosovo to the East, and Montenegro to the North. Since becoming independent on November 28, 1912, Albania has been occupied and allied with many nations. In 1991, after many years of communist rule through its associations with the USSR and China, Albania held its first democratic, multi-party elections. Albania is a parliamentary republic with a president as the chief of state and a prime minister as the head of government. In 2013, Albania’s population was estimated to be 2.8 million people.
As one of Europe’s poorest nations, economic re-development has been slow due to corruption, poor infrastructure and crime. Nevertheless, the Albanian government has acted to improve the economic situation. Albania has become a NATO member and now claims status as a candidate nation for accession into the European Union.
Albania boasts stunning mountain landscapes and beautiful beaches. This small European nation welcomes travellers who seek to explore an undiscovered gem.
Albania的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to hepatitis A in this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
乙肝疫苗
Vaccination is recommended for unvaccinated travelers of all ages traveling to Albania.
對於一些旅行者
麻疹,腮腺炎,風疹(MMR)疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
黃熱病疫苗
There is no risk of yellow fever in this country. However, this country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers 1 year of age and older arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
ick蟲腦炎疫苗
Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is recommended if travelling in areas where contact with ticks might occur (camping, hiking, outdoor activities).
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
Albania的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對Albania的建議。
Albania要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis B
There is a risk of exposure to hepatitis B in this country.
Hepatitis A
There is a risk of exposure to hepatitis A virus in this country through contaminated food or water.
對於一些旅行者
Measles
There is a risk of Measles in this country, especially in infants aged 6 to 11 months.
Leishmaniasis
There is a risk of acquiring Leishmaniasis in this country through sand fly bites, particularly between dusk to dawn. Adventure tourists, outdoor athletes, or humanitarian aid workers are at a higher risk.
Tuberculosis
Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the healthcare field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.
Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever
There is a risk of acquiring CCHF in this country through specific insect, bug or tick bites or by coming in close contact with a person or animal infected with CCHF. Travellers involved in activities like hiking, camping, working with animals, and visiting farms and forested areas are at a higher risk. There are no vaccinations (or medications) to prevent CCHF.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Tick-Borne Encephalitis
There is a risk of TBE in all areas of Albania. The transmission season varies, but ticks are most active during early spring to late autumn.
Yellow Fever
There is no risk of yellow fever in this country. However, this country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers 1 year of age and older arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Rabies
Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.
Albania中的安全性
人身安全
2023年,阿爾巴尼亞共發生33,845起犯罪案件,其中兇殺案降至34起,接近十年來的最低水準。 2020年至2023年間,扒手案件減少了17%。 2024年,阿爾巴尼亞的犯罪率為45.4,與加拿大的犯罪率大致相當。針對遊客的暴力犯罪仍然很少發生。大多數安全事件涉及因犯罪、商業或政治利益而引發的內部糾紛,通常表現為敵對團體之間偶爾發生的槍擊事件和小規模爆炸。這些衝突很少涉及遊客。扒手主要集中在地拉那和薩蘭達的公車、市場和繁忙的酒吧,因此旅遊區和主要交通樞紐成為需要警惕的主要區域。組織犯罪網絡在阿爾巴尼亞境內活動,但遊客並非犯罪受害者的普遍目標。警方已在地拉那及各大城市建立了顯著的警力,但由於資源有限,響應時間可能會延遲。信用卡詐欺在阿爾巴尼亞很常見。交易時,請將卡片放在視線範圍內,並在使用ATM機時保持警惕,檢查可疑設備,避免使用不安全地點的機器。在科索沃北部邊境的山城週邊偏遠地區,仍有未爆炸的地雷。徒步旅行時,請務必沿著有標記的道路行走,並避免在未開墾的土地上行走。阿爾巴尼亞地震活躍,經常發生地動,但發生嚴重地震的機率較低,因此該國地震頻繁。
極端暴力
2022年和2023年,阿爾巴尼亞沒有發生恐怖事件。恐怖主義威脅包括ISIS同情者試圖煽動阿爾巴尼亞青年走向暴力極端主義,以及恐怖分子將阿爾巴尼亞作為資金或物資的來源國或中轉國。阿爾巴尼亞國家警察反恐局能夠有效地發現、阻止和預防其境內的恐怖主義行為。阿爾巴尼亞大多數穆斯林人口與其他族裔關係總體良好。極端主義或反西方觀點的表達非常罕見。恐怖攻擊的可能性不排除,儘管攻擊可能是無差別的,包括在外國人造訪的地方。阿爾巴尼亞已將恐怖主義行為定為犯罪,包括資助恐怖主義、與聯合國制裁名單上的人員進行交易、招募和訓練恐怖主義行為、煽動恐怖主義行為以及建立、領導和參與恐怖組織。該國致力於加強邊境安全和篩選工作,以根據國際標準攔截恐怖分子旅行。 2022年5月,阿爾巴尼亞成功從敘利亞流離失所者營地遣返13名國民,該國政府的反暴力極端主義中心指導了他們的康復和重返社會工作。該國繼續執行聯合國安理會關於預先提供旅客資訊和旅客姓名記錄資料的第2396號決議,以加強對航空旅客的篩選。
政治動盪
地拉那市中心爆發了政治示威活動,據報導還發生了一些暴力事件。示威活動可能導致交通改道和其他混亂,也可能發生於首都以外的其他地方。 2024 年 10 月,反對派支持者集會,要求在 2025 年議會選舉前由技術官僚看守內閣取代政府。保守派反對派長期以來一直指責總理埃迪·拉馬的社會黨腐敗、操縱早期投票並篡奪司法權。民主黨就其一名成員因被認為具有政治動機的案件被定罪和監禁舉行抗議,並尋求釋放黨魁薩利·貝里沙,該黨領導人在腐敗調查期間被下令軟禁。 2024 年 11 月,阿爾巴尼亞反對派議員封鎖了首都的主要街道數小時,並指責政府腐敗。反對派抗議者要求在 2025 年春季議會選舉之前建立一個技術官僚看守政府。抗議活動升級為反對派支持者與防暴警察之間的衝突,防暴警察使用水砲和催淚瓦斯驅散政府大樓附近的人群。抗議活動持續了三個小時後結束,反對派領袖誓言將繼續在全國各地進行示威活動。對政府腐敗的憤怒引發了2024年阿爾巴尼亞的抗議活動。即使是和平的示威活動也隨時可能演變成暴力事件。您應該避免示威和大型集會發生的區域。
應避免的區域
在阿爾巴尼亞北部與科索沃接壤的山區城鎮周圍的一些偏遠地區,埋藏著未爆炸的地雷。健行時應小心謹慎,遵循警示標誌,避免在未開墾的土地上行走,不要偏離標記的道路。有些城市,包括費裡、愛爾巴桑、巴爾什、帕托斯和巴雷爾,並不面向遊客,也缺乏便利設施。冬季,阿爾巴尼亞海岸線大部分地區不對遊客開放。在阿爾巴尼亞北部,12月至2月的惡劣天氣可能引發洪水。山區強烈降雪可能導致交通和服務中斷。由於天氣乾燥炎熱,4月至10月經常發生野火,這些火災非常危險且難以預測。您應該避開受影響的地區,在鄉村旅遊或駕車穿越時要格外小心。地拉那的空氣污染可能非常嚴重,尤其是在冬季。包括地拉那在內的許多城市經常停電,這可能會影響暖氣、供水和街道照明等基本服務的提供。沿海水域可能非常危險,秋冬季節的海浪難以預測,衝擊範圍可能超出預期,並形成強勁的回流。由於污水處理不充分,少數海灘受到污染。