Montenegro
關於Montenegro
| 貨幣 | Euro (EUR) |
| 語言 | Montenegrin; Serbian widely spoken |
| 資本金 | Podgorica |
Montenegro, in southeastern Europe, has coastline on the Adriatic Sea and shares borders with Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia. With a population of about 650,000 people, Montenegro is a sovereign republic. An elected president serves as head of state, with a prime minister as head of the executive branch of government. The Parliament of Montenegro is the country’s legislative body. Montenegro also recognizes the Royal House of Petrović-Njegoš, which is entrusted with promoting Montenegrin identity through non-political activities.
Following the end of World War I, Montenegro was part of Yugoslavia until its dissolution in 1992. Subsequently Montenegro joined with Serbia to form the Socialist Federated Republic of Yugoslavia. In 2003, the federation decentralized and became the state union of Serbia and Montenegro. In 2006 Montenegro exercised a constitutional provision and held a referendum that led to its status as a fully independent state. Montenegro became a member of NATO in June 2017.
Today, Montenegro’s economy relies on the export of non-precious metals and tourism. The Montenegrin Adriatic coastline, with pristine beaches and well-preserved ancient towns, is incredibly picturesque and a prime destination for vacationing Europeans. Travellers looking for beauty off the beaten path can hike and bike through unspoiled forests and mountain ranges.
Montenegro的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
乙肝疫苗
There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
ick蟲腦炎疫苗
Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is recommended if travelling in the coastal regions of the Adriatic Sea or where contact with ticks might occur (camping, hiking, outdoor activities) during early spring to late autumn.
Montenegro的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對Montenegro的建議。
Montenegro要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis A
There is a risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Montenegro through contaminated food or water.
Hepatitis B
There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Montenegro.
對於一些旅行者
Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever
There is a risk of acquiring Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever in this country through specific insect, bug or tick bites or by coming in close contact with a person or animal infected with this disease. Travellers involved in activities like hiking, camping, working with animals, and visiting farms and forested areas are at a higher risk. There are no vaccinations (or medications) to prevent Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever.
Leishmaniasis
There is a risk of acquiring Leishmaniasis in this country through sand fly bites, particularly between dusk to dawn. Adventure tourists, outdoor athletes, or humanitarian aid workers are at a higher risk.
Measles
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
Tuberculosis
Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the healthcare field, or having close prolonged contact with an infected person.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Rabies
Rabies occurs in Montenegro. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.
Tick-Borne Encephalitis
There is a risk of Tick-borne Encephalitis in some areas of this country. The main affected areas are the coastal regions of the Adriatic Sea. The transmission season varies, however, ticks are most active during early spring to late autumn.
Montenegro中的安全性
人身安全
黑山的犯罪率相對較低，小偷小摸是遊客最擔心的問題。扒手和搶包事件在5月至9月的旅遊旺季最為常見，多發生在科托爾、布德瓦、巴爾和新赫爾採格等人流密集的地區。海灘區、機場、公共交通和旅遊熱點地區的風險較高。 ATM和支付終端機經常發生信用卡詐欺。據報道，酒吧和夜總會有飲料下藥的現象，尤其影響遊客。針對遊客的暴力犯罪仍然很少見，但犯罪集團之間的組織犯罪事件可能會影響旁觀者。性侵害、攻擊和搶劫事件時有發生。在2022年全球和平指數中，黑山在163個國家中排名第48位，表現優於法國和希臘。在人流密集的地方，您應該看管好自己的隨身物品，晚上避免前往偏僻的地方。加拿大政府指出，在婚禮、假日和特殊場合，開槍慶祝是很常見的。流彈確實會造成傷亡，因此您應該避開舉行慶祝性射擊的地區。
極端暴力
黑山很少發生恐怖攻擊。該國保持強而有力的安全措施，並與國際夥伴合作進行反恐活動。近期未發生針對遊客或外國人的事件。與有組織犯罪有關的有針對性的炸彈襲擊和槍支暴力事件時有發生，但這些事件很少涉及外國人。如果您作為旁觀者參與團體之間的犯罪衝突，您將面臨風險。有組織犯罪集團之間的暴力犯罪事件可能會影響附近的其他人。恐怖主義威脅等級仍然較低，黑山不被視為恐怖攻擊目的地。地方政府優先維護旅遊業的安全，旅遊業佔其GDP的近30%。您應該對可疑行為保持警惕，避免衝突。科索沃邊境地區附近的安全局勢難以預測。
政治動盪
黑山經常發生抗議和示威活動，通常發生在政府大樓、宗教場所以及波德戈里察和採蒂涅等主要城市前。近年來，抗議活動與政治變革、公民法、宗教糾紛和勞工議題有關。大多數示威活動保持和平，但也可能演變成暴力事件，抗議者與警察發生衝突。 2019 年的反腐敗抗議活動、2020 年的宗教財產法教士抗議活動以及 2021 年的民族主義抗議活動都吸引了大量參與者。示威期間，道路可能會在未經通知的情況下被封鎖數小時。 2023 年的議會和總統選舉反映了民主進程的改善，儘管政治緊張局勢仍然存在。公眾抗議可能導致交通中斷，並可能引發暴力事件。自 2013 年以來，驕傲遊行每年都會舉行，最近一次是在 2023 年和 2024 年，在政府和外交界人士的參與下和平進行。您應該避開示威活動和大型集會發生的區域，並關注當地媒體以獲取最新動態。
應避免的區域
科索沃邊境地區的安全狀況難以預測。波德戈里察以北的莫拉卡峽谷有嚴重的道路安全隱憂。目前沒有特別指出對遊客特別危險的街區或地區。大多數安全隱患集中在旅遊旺季的熱門景點，因為這些地方輕微犯罪率較高。科托爾、布德瓦、蒂瓦特和赫爾採格諾維等沿海城市整體安全，但在夏季（六月至八月）扒竊率較高。夜間應避免前往人跡罕至的區域。由於道路基礎設施薄弱、天氣突變以及服務有限，農村和山區需要謹慎旅行。一些農村地區的基礎設施可能老化，影響水質和其他公用設施。由於該國面積較小，大多數地區仍然交通便利，且與其他歐洲目的地相比相對安全。
