Bolivia

Bolivia的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

乙肝疫苗

There is an intermediate to high risk of hepatitis B in Bolivia, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

甲型肝炎疫苗

There is a risk of hepatitis A in Bolivia, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

對於一些旅行者

卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗

BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk from coming in close contact with infected persons or for unvaccinated, children under 16 years of age, who are going to live in the country for more than 3 months.

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.

黃熱病疫苗

A yellow fever vaccination is recommended for all travellers 9 months of age and older travelling to the at-risk areas including the entire departments of Beni, Pando, Santa Cruz, and designated areas in the departments of Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, and Tarija. This country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers over one year of age if arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission. Those visiting yellow fever risk areas in Bolivia should carry a yellow fever vaccination card. Vaccination is not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to areas at altitudes above 2300 meters and all areas where there is no risk, including the cities of La Paz and Sucre.

狂犬病疫苗

Recommended for travellers in rural areas involved in activities such as bicycling, camping, or hiking. Also recommended for children, long-term travellers and expatriates living in areas with a significant risk of exposure, and for travellers involved in any activities that might bring them into direct contact with bats, dogs, carnivores, and other mammals.

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in Bolivia through consumption of contaminated food or water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities, rural areas, or staying with friends and family.

Bolivia的推薦藥物

對於一些旅行者

抗瘧藥

Recommended anti-malaria medication includes atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline and mefloquine in the departments of Beni, Pando and Santa Cruz. In other areas, chloroquine may be recommended.

Bolivia要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Hepatitis A

There is a risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Bolivia.

Hepatitis B

There is an intermediate to high level of hepatitis B transmission throughout Bolivia.

Dengue Fever

Dengue fever can occur in Bolivia.

Chikungunya Fever

Chikungunya fever has occurred in this country.

對於一些旅行者

Measles

There is a risk of acquiring Measles in this country.

Leishmaniasis

There is a risk of acquiring Leishmaniasis in this country through sand fly bites.

Rabies

Rabies is a risk throughout Bolivia, especially in dogs and bats.

Chagas Disease

American trypanosomiasis (“Chagas disease”) occurs in this country.

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.

West Nile Fever

There is a risk of acquiring West Nile virus in this country.

Zika Fever

There is transmission of the Zika virus in this country.

Yellow Fever

There is a risk of transmission of yellow fever in this country in areas east of the Andes Mountains at altitudes below 2,300 meters, including the entire departments of Beni, Pando, Santa Cruz, as well as some areas of the departments of Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz and Tarija.

Typhoid Fever

Typhoid fever occurs commonly in Bolivia, especially in smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where exposure might occur through contaminated food or water.

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis occurs in Bolivia. Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.

Malaria

There is a low risk of malaria in the Amazon basin and in rural areas below 2,500m. Awareness of risk and bite avoidance is recommended. There is no risk above 2,500m. CDC recommends that travellers to certain areas of Bolivia take prescription medicine to prevent malaria.

Bolivia中的安全性

人身安全

玻利維亞正面臨持續的經濟危機，美元短缺導致近年來犯罪率上升。輕微犯罪在拉巴斯市中心、公車站、人群密集區和熱門旅遊景點屢見不鮮。扒竊和搶包事件頻繁，尤其是在夜間巴士和交通樞紐。竊賊通常結夥犯案，利用分散注意力的策略，並讓同夥偷竊。犯罪者經常使用假身分證和製服冒充警察，要求在拿走財物之前檢查證件和包包。合法警察在沒有國家檢察官書面命令的情況下，不得在街上攔截或搜查你，你也絕對不應該乘坐沒有警徽的警車。快速綁架事件時有發生，受害者被迫從自動櫃員機提款才能獲釋，有時還會涉及假計程車。針對外國人的暴力犯罪雖然不太常見，但確實存在。據報道，在拉巴斯附近的旅遊景點和徒步旅行區發生了武裝搶劫和襲擊事件。據報道，有人在食物和飲料中下藥，因此切勿將飲料或食物放在無人看管的地方。查帕雷地區與毒品販運相關的暴力犯罪率尤其高，即使是政府公務員也需要特別許可才能前往該地區。玻利維亞是全球第三大可卡因生產國，這為幫派、腐敗和組織犯罪提供了溫床。然而，玻利維亞的兇殺案發生率在南美洲較低，2023年至2024年間，每10萬居民的兇殺案發生率為3至4.3起。大多數採取基本預防措施的遊客不會遇到嚴重問題。

極端暴力

近年來，玻利維亞的兇殺案發生率為每十萬人3至4.3起，與薩爾瓦多和阿根廷並列為拉丁美洲兇殺案發生率最低的國家之一。 2023年，該國共發生535起兇殺案，截至2024年9月的數據顯示，該國共發生336起暴力犯罪，兇殺案發生率下降了17.6%。這比2012年每十萬人12.1起的兇殺案發生率有了顯著改善。與許多鄰近的南美國家相比，玻利維亞的暴力犯罪率要低得多。然而，由於走私活動，邊境地區的暴力事件正在增加。聖克魯斯和科恰班巴之間的查帕雷地區的暴力犯罪、劫車和主要與毒品販運有關的內亂尤其猖獗。作為世界第三大可卡因生產國，玻利維亞有幫派、腐敗和組織犯罪等問題，儘管這些問題通常不會直接影響遊客。針對遊客的暴力犯罪並不常見，但確實存在。據報道，在旅遊景點和徒步旅行區曾發生武裝搶劫和襲擊事件。據報道，曾發生過針對外國人的快速綁架事件。據總檢察長辦公室稱，該國殺害女性和嬰兒的案件增加。販毒集團和組織犯罪在某些地區活動，尤其是在查帕雷和永加斯等古柯種植區，但大多數暴力犯罪仍局限於特定地區，並未波及廣大遊客。

政治動盪

玻利維亞經歷了嚴重的政治不穩定和內亂，尤其是在 2024 年和 2025 年。該國面臨現任總統路易斯·阿爾塞和前總統埃沃·莫拉萊斯之間持續的緊張關係，兩人都在 2025 年 8 月選舉前爭奪社會主義運動黨的控制權。 2024 年 6 月，胡安·何塞·祖尼加將軍試圖武力進入總統府，引發了一場未遂的軍事政變。政變持續了三個小時後被挫敗。在整個 2024 年，親莫拉萊斯的支持者組織了大規模的抗議、道路封鎖和遊行，一些示威活動演變成暴力事件。 2024 年 11 月，武裝支持者襲擊了科恰班巴的一個軍事設施，繳獲武器並劫持了 200 多名士兵作為人質。 2025 年 6 月，抗議者與政府軍之間的衝突導致多人死亡，其中包括三名警察和一名消防員。示威、罷工和路障隨時可能在全國各地發生，通常幾乎沒有任何預兆。即使是和平示威也可能演變成暴力事件。抗議者有時會在抗議期間使用炸藥，而警察則經常使用催淚瓦斯進行反擊。路障經常擾亂交通，切斷交通並限制貨物和服務的流通。這些封鎖導致一些地區出現燃料和食品短缺。國內和國際航班可能會延誤或取消。嚴重的經濟危機加劇了政治緊張局勢，美元短缺、高通膨和外匯存底枯竭。這種情況嚴重打擊了玻利維亞的旅遊業，抗議活動和政治緊張局勢導致許多遊客重新考慮他們的旅行計劃。

應避免的區域

科恰班巴省的查帕雷地區暴力犯罪、販毒、綁架和勒索活動猖獗，應避免前往。即使是政府公務員也需要特別授權才能前往該地區，緊急服務也有限。多個國家建議，除非必要，否則不要前往查帕雷以及途經該地區的4號和24號高速公路。秘魯和巴西附近的雲加斯地區也存在販毒活動和暴力活動，應避免前往。聖克魯斯被認為是玻利維亞最不安全的城市，但並非所有地區都危險。在科恰班巴，靠近主要公車終點站的科羅尼利亞山地區因襲擊事件頻繁而成為禁區。與秘魯、智利和阿根廷的陸路邊境口岸是特別脆弱的地區，外國遊客面臨的犯罪風險更高。拉巴斯和科帕卡巴納之間的夜間巴士路線非常危險，因此應僅在白天乘坐此路線。偏遠的農村地區和荒蕪的邊境地區可能有走私活動和販毒活動的風險，因此出行安全問題尤其突出。遊客在拉巴斯附近的風景區徒步旅行時曾遭遇襲擊，包括穆埃拉德爾迪亞布羅、魯雷納瓦克以及玻利維亞安第斯山脈。夜間，請避開埃爾阿爾托、拉巴斯市中心、將軍公墓和索波卡奇街區，這些地區曾發生過類似事件。在政治動盪期間，應避開有示威活動和路障的地區，切勿試圖穿越路障。圖皮薩和太陽島等偏遠的健行區夜間容易出現兇猛的流浪狗。