Kiribati
關於Kiribati
| 貨幣 | Australian Dollar (AUD) |
| 語言 | English |
| 資本金 | Tarawa |
Kiribati, previously a British Colony known as the Gilbert Islands, became an independent nation in 1979. Located in the Pacific Ocean, the nation is composed of three island groups formed by 33 coral islands. Only 21 of the islands are inhabited. Due to its location in Oceania, Kiribati experiences a tropical climate with typhoon season occurring from November to March every year. Because it is intersected by both the equator and the international date line, Kiribati is the only country in the world to lie in all four hemispheres, i.e., Northern, Southern, Eastern and Western.
The population of Kiribati is approximately 106,925 people (2016 estimate). In this presidential republic, the president is the chief of state and the head of government. Kiribati’s limited natural resources and remote island location restrict its global economic participation and make the nation highly dependent on foreign aid.
With the tropical climate, rich culture and excellent fishing, Kiribati beckons the adventurous traveller to come explore.
Kiribati的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to hepatitis A in this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
乙肝疫苗
There is a risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
卡介苗芽孢桿菌(BCG)疫苗
BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk from coming in close contact with infected persons or for unvaccinated, children under 16 years of age, who are going to live in the country for more than 3 months.
麻疹,腮腺炎,風疹(MMR)疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies could be considered for those whose activities or employment may bring them into direct contact with bats or wild animals (i.e. adventure travellers, veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers, etc.).
傷寒疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities, rural areas, or staying with friends and family.
Kiribati的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對Kiribati的建議。
Kiribati要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis A
There is a risk of exposure to hepatitis A virus in this country through contaminated food or water.
Dengue Fever
There is a risk of dengue fever in this country.
Hepatitis B
There is a risk for acquiring hepatitis B in this country.
對於一些旅行者
Zika Fever
Zika fever may occur in Kiribati.
Measles
There is a risk of acquiring Measles in this country.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Chikungunya Fever
There is a risk of acquiring Chikungunya in this country.
Rabies
The risk of acquiring Rabies is low. However, it may be present in bats, but has not been reported in domestic animals in this country. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) may be at risk.
Typhoid Fever
Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Kiribati, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where water and food may not be safe.
Tuberculosis
Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the healthcare field, or having close prolonged contact with a sick person.
Kiribati中的安全性
人身安全
基里巴斯整體犯罪率較低,但偷竊、扒竊等輕微犯罪時有發生,尤其是在人流密集的地區和南塔拉瓦。在夜間行走,尤其是在貝蒂奧和塔拉瓦市中心,更容易遭遇醉酒者襲擊和爭吵。酗酒現象普遍,週末和假日飲酒也很常見,導致吵鬧甚至暴力。公車司機和工作人員有時會醉酒駕駛。塔拉瓦海灘和人口稠密地區時常發生與酒精相關的騷亂。流浪狗構成危險,曾咬傷遊客。許多人攜帶砍刀作為日常工具。南塔拉瓦人口稠密,佔全國人口的一半以上,造成了社會壓力。塔拉瓦的一些海灘上殘留著二戰期間未爆炸的彈藥。領海內的組織犯罪主要涉及非法捕魚和販毒。針對遊客的嚴重暴力犯罪極為罕見。美國國務院將該國的安全等級評定為一級(採取一般預防措施)。
極端暴力
基里巴斯極少發生針對遊客的暴力犯罪。該國近期沒有恐怖主義歷史,但不排除發生攻擊的可能性。該國沒有軍隊,國防援助依賴澳洲和紐西蘭。持有和販賣毒品將受到嚴厲處罰,可能導致長期監禁。拘留系統資源匱乏,囚犯有時會連夜離開去探望家人。警方已設立部門打擊組織犯罪,但執法資源有限,尤其是在應對海上威脅方面。人口販運在吉里巴斯境內存在,主要影響被迫從事強迫勞動(捕魚、建築、街頭擺賣)的男性和兒童以及遭受性剝削的婦女和兒童。領海內的組織犯罪涉及非法捕魚和一些與毒品有關的活動。司法系統內部存在腐敗,但程度並不嚴重。該國已於2005年頒布並於2008年修訂了打擊恐怖主義和跨國有組織犯罪的立法,但威脅仍然微乎其微。
政治動盪
吉里巴斯政局整體穩定,各競爭派別之間的權力和平交接。 2020 年的立法選舉和總統選舉被認為是自由公正的。然而,2022 年,一場憲法危機爆發,當時政府因不當行為指控暫停了包括首席大法官比爾·黑斯廷斯和大衛·蘭伯恩法官在內的高等法院法官的職務。這導致基里巴斯沒有地方法官以上的法官,並造成嚴重的法院案件積壓。總檢察長被任命為代理首席大法官,引發了人們對司法獨立和權力分立的擔憂。這場危機一直懸而未決,直到 2024 年,聯合國對此表示關切。 2024 年 8 月的選舉在有關中國對政府盟友候選人施加經濟影響的指控以及對執政黨和反對黨候選人之間資源差距的擔憂中舉行。政黨的運作更像是沒有官方平台的非正式聯盟。近年來沒有發生暴力抗議或重大民間騷亂。政治示威活動很少見,但旅行者應避免任何集會。儘管司法獨立受到挑戰,但該國仍保持著整體穩定的民主制度。
應避免的區域
吉里巴斯沒有特別需要遊客避開的高風險地區,但某些地方需要謹慎。應避免夜間獨自行走,尤其是在貝蒂奧和南塔拉瓦的市中心地區,這些地區可能發生與酒精有關的暴力事件和隨機攻擊。天黑後,南塔拉瓦的海灘也很危險。南塔拉瓦的潟湖污染嚴重,不適合游泳。一些塔拉瓦海灘,尤其是貝蒂奧和南塔拉瓦地區的海灘,可能殘留著二戰期間未爆炸的彈藥。偏遠外島的緊急服務、醫療設施和通訊基礎設施有限。偏遠地區的風險通常是由於缺乏援助而不是犯罪造成的。沿海和珊瑚礁區域的強勁洋流和激流使游泳變得危險。狂風可能迅速形成,對划船造成危險。許多外島的網路和行動電話服務不可用或不穩定。大潮經常淹沒南塔拉瓦部分地區,有時切斷通往博里基機場的道路。該國在11月至4月期間容易受到颶風、乾旱和氣候相關洪水的影響。