Chad

Chad的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

甲型肝炎疫苗

There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended. Infants 6 to 11 months old should also be vaccinated against the disease.

乙肝疫苗

There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

對於一些旅行者

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

One dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) is recommended to infants 6 to 11 months prior to international travel.

卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗

A BCG vaccine is recommended for all unvaccinated adults and children under 16 years of age, staying in the country for more than 3 months. A tuberculin skin test is required prior to administering vaccination for all children from 6 years of age.

脊髓灰質炎疫苗

A single lifetime booster dose of Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) is recommended for adults who received the routine polio vaccination series as children.

腦膜炎疫苗

Because this country is located in the sub-Saharan meningitis belt, vaccination against meningitis is recommended if travelling during the dry season (November to March).

黃熱病疫苗

A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission. Yellow fever vaccination is recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over going to areas south of the Sahara Desert. Not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to areas within the Sahara Desert.

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.

霍亂疫苗

The U.K. NaTHNaC recommends the oral cholera vaccine for some travellers whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk, travelling to areas of active cholera transmission. These risk factors include: aid workers; those going to areas of cholera outbreaks who have limited access to potable water and medical care; travellers for whom the vaccination would be considered potentially beneficial, such as chronic medical conditions. The U.S. CDC recommends the cholera vaccine for travellers who are 18-64 years of age and who plan to travel to areas of active cholera transmission. CDC notes that most travellers do not travel to areas of active cholera transmission, and that safe food and water practices can prevent many cholera infections.

狂犬病疫苗

Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are also at higher risk and should be vaccinated.

Chad的推薦藥物

對於一些旅行者

抗瘧藥

Recommended anti-malaria medications include atovaquone-proguanil, mefloquine or doxycycline. Resistance to chloroquine and sulfadoxime-pyrimethamine has been reported.

Chad要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Dengue Fever

Outbreaks of dengue fever may occur.

Hepatitis A

There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Chad through contaminated food or water.

Cholera

Cholera outbreaks occur in Chad. The risk to travellers is low unless living or working in poor sanitary conditions, drinking untreated water or eating poorly cooked or raw seafood in this country.

Chikungunya Fever

Chikungunya fever may occur in Chad.

Hepatitis B

There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Chad.

對於一些旅行者

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring hantavirus in Chad through contaminated food or by coming into contact with someone infected with the virus

Yellow Fever

In areas south of the Sahara Desert, travellers are at risk for yellow fever.

Measles

There is a risk of exposure to measles in the country.

Leishmaniasis

There is a risk of acquiring Leishmaniasis in the country. The infection is transmitted by the bite of infected phlebotomine sandfly.

West Nile Fever

The virus is transmitted to animals, birds and humans by mosquitoes. Symptoms include fever, headache, tiredness, body aches, nausea, and skin rash

Rift Valley Fever (RVF)

Commonly spread via contact with domesticated animals infected with the virus. These include cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and camels, among others.

Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever

There is a risk of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic fever in Chad.

Polio

There is a risk of acquiring Polio in the country and is transmitted from one person to another when droplets from a sneeze or cough of an infected person gets into the mouth of another person.

African Tick Bite Fever

There is an increased risk of this disease in this country.

Sleeping Sickness (Type 1)

African trypanosomiasis (“sleeping sickness”) occurs in Chad. Travellers to urban areas are not at risk.

Malaria

All areas of Chad are at high risk for malaria.

Meningitis

Meningitis outbreaks may occur in Chad. Travellers who visit during the dry season (December to June) or expect to have prolonged contact with the local population are especially at risk.

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Chad, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Schistosomiasis

This disease is present in Chad and is acquired through contact with fresh water, such as swimming, bathing, or rafting. Well-chlorinated swimming pools and contact with saltwater in oceans or seas will not put travellers at risk for schistosomiasis.

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis occurs in Chad. Travellers to Chad are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.

Rabies

Rabies occurs in Chad. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

Chad中的安全性

人身安全

乍得各地武裝搶劫、劫車、綁架和暴力犯罪頻繁，包括白天。真正的安全部隊人員和冒充他們的人都可能透過恐嚇和虛假罰款的方式向外國人勒索金錢。夜間出行在所有地區都存在重大風險，首都恩賈梅納的武裝搶劫事件頻繁。由於犯罪率高，強烈建議不要在城內步行，即使是短距離。冒充執法人員的人常向外國人勒索金錢。恩賈梅納曾發生恐怖攻擊，威脅依然存在。 2024年10月，博科聖地在乍得湖地區附近的一次襲擊中殺害了約40名士兵。綁架對外國人構成嚴重威脅，尤其是邊境地區和偏遠地區的援助人員、記者和商務旅客。恩賈梅納以外的地區，緊急服務和領事支援極為有限。

極端暴力

博科聖地和伊斯蘭國西非省仍活躍在乍得湖地區，透過自殺式炸彈攻擊、簡易爆炸裝置攻擊和武裝攻擊等方式定期攻擊軍事陣地和平民。 2024 年 10 月，博科聖地襲擊了恩古布阿附近的軍事要塞，造成約 40 名乍得士兵死亡。 2020 年 3 月在博馬附近發生的襲擊造成 98 名乍得士兵死亡，這是該國歷史上最致命的單次襲擊。恐怖組織進行綁架，以包括傳教士和援助人員在內的外國人為目標，並在人口稠密地區使用自殺式炸彈襲擊者。武裝叛亂組織在乍得與利比亞、蘇丹和中非共和國的邊境地區活動。 2021 年，伊德里斯·代比總統在與 FACT 叛軍的衝突中喪生。乍得與利比亞和蘇丹的邊境地區存在著未繪製地圖的雷區。婚禮和政治活動期間的慶祝性槍擊造成平民傷亡，包括 2024 年 5 月選舉結果公佈後的情況。武裝非政府組織可以輕鬆跨越邊境，並穿越安全力量有限的偏遠地區。

政治動盪

反政府抗議活動時有發生，並可能在毫無預警的情況下升級為暴力事件。 2022 年 10 月，在反對軍事統治延長的示威活動中，安全部隊在恩賈梅納、蒙杜和其他城市殺害了約 50 名抗議者。當局使用了實彈、催淚瓦斯，並逮捕了 600 多人。 2024 年 2 月，政府軍與社會黨支持者在恩賈梅納發生武裝衝突，造成數人死亡，包括反對派領袖亞亞·迪略。 2021 年和 2022 年全年的示威活動導致人員傷亡和大規模逮捕，因為安全部隊過度使用武力驅散人群。 2024 年總統大選造成 12 人死亡，數百人被捕。立法選舉於 2024 年 12 月結束，這段時期政治緊張局勢通常會加劇。安全部隊經常禁止示威活動，使用催淚瓦斯，並向抗議者發射實彈。在動亂期間，網路存取可能會受到限制。在政治緊張時期，可能會在短時間內實施行動限制。抗議活動中，包括大使館在內的外國設施成為攻擊目標。

應避免的區域

避免前往乍得湖盆地，博科聖地和ISIS-WA經常在那裡發動攻擊和綁架。北部省份博爾庫、恩內迪和提貝斯提與利比亞接壤的邊境地區埋有地雷，叛軍活躍。由於武裝團體、跨境暴力事件和未繪製地圖的雷區，與喀麥隆、中非共和國、利比亞、尼日爾、奈及利亞和蘇丹接壤的30公里範圍內的所有邊境地區都極為危險。蘇丹邊境自2023年起已關閉。東部地區，包括瓦達伊和西拉，正在經歷部落間暴力和武裝衝突。全國各地的偏遠地區綁架風險較高。即使在恩賈梅納，也要避開總統府前的凱里姆·納蘇爾將軍大道路段，那裡曾發生致命槍擊事件。前往恩賈梅納以外地區旅行需要內政部頒發的旅行許可。來自多個國家的政府僱員需要特別授權才能離開首都。扎庫馬國家公園的護林員曾遭到偷獵者的攻擊。