Marshall Islands
關於Marshall Islands
| 貨幣 | US Dollar (USD) |
| 語言 | Marshallese; English |
| 資本金 | Majuro |
The Republic of the Marshall Islands is an island nation in the North Pacific Ocean about halfway between Australia and Hawaii. This country of 29 atolls and five islands has a population of about 72,000 people. The government is a parliamentary republic in free association with the United States. A president is both the chief of state and head of government.
For about 40 years after World War II, the United States occupied and administered these islands. Marshall Islands gained independence in 1986. The United States still provides defence for the islands, contributes significant financial aid, and maintains a base and missile test range on Kwajalein atoll.
The United States conducted nuclear testing on some of the isolated atolls between 1947 and 1962. Those living on Bikini and Enewetak were resettled so the locations could be used for atomic bomb tests. There are ongoing compensation claims as a result of this testing, and many of the long-term effects are unknown.
Tourism is not a large part of the economy. However, those who travel to the Marshall Islands can enjoy diving around many World War II shipwrecks and fishing. The Marshall Islands are the location of the world’s largest shark sanctuary.
Marshall Islands的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
乙肝疫苗
Due to the risk of exposure to hepatitis B, vaccination is recommended.
甲型肝炎疫苗
Due to the risk of exposure to hepatitis A, vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
傷寒疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities and rural areas.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies could be considered for those whose activities or employment may bring them into direct contact with bats or wild animals (i.e. adventure travellers, veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers, etc.).
卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗
BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk from coming in close contact with infected persons or for unvaccinated, children under 16 years of age, who are going to live in the country for more than 3 months.
麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
Marshall Islands的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對Marshall Islands的建議。
Marshall Islands要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis A
There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in the Marshall Islands.
Hepatitis B
There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in the Marshall Islands through sexual contact, contaminated needles, and blood products.
Dengue Fever
Dengue has occurred in this country and may re-occur.
對於一些旅行者
Measles
There is a risk of acquiring Measles in this country.
Chikungunya Fever
There is a risk of acquiring Chikungunya in this country.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Tuberculosis
There is a risk of exposure to tuberculosis, especially among health care workers or people caring for sick individuals, such as family members.
Typhoid Fever
Unvaccinated people can become infected through consumption of contaminated food and water in the Marshall Islands, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas and staying with friends or relatives.
Rabies
The risk of acquiring Rabies is low. The Marshall Islands is free of dog rabies. However, it may be present in bats. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) may be at risk.
Zika Fever
Zika fever occurs in this country.
Marshall Islands中的安全性
人身安全
馬紹爾群島的犯罪率較低。輕微犯罪，例如入室盜竊、盜竊以及偶爾發生的故意破壞，確實會發生。酒精是大多數犯罪，尤其是攻擊事件中的重要因素。近年來，暴力襲擊事件增加。夜總會和酒吧可能發生鬥毆和襲擊事件，尤其是在深夜。夜間和偏僻地區要格外警惕。野狗在島上隨處可見，可能會發動攻擊。在飲料中下藥的情況隨處可見，因此在準備飲料時務必留意，切勿讓飲料無人看管。避免自製酒精飲料，因為有甲醇中毒的風險。
極端暴力
馬紹爾群島的暴力犯罪相對罕見。該國兇殺率較低。與許多其他目的地相比，街頭犯罪和人身安全威脅並不常見。儘管近年來暴力襲擊事件增加，但極端暴力事件對遊客而言並非主要擔憂。大多數暴力事件與酒精有關，通常發生在夜間酒吧或夜總會。馬紹爾群島被認為是一個穩定和平的國家。該國沒有活躍的恐怖主義威脅或組織犯罪集團。毒品販運雖然存在，但對遊客的影響並不大。
政治動盪
馬紹爾群島是一個穩定的民主國家，定期舉行競爭性選舉，公民自由普遍受到尊重。民間騷亂並不常見。大規模的公眾抗議活動可能會演變成暴力事件，儘管這種情況很少見。如果發生抗議和示威活動，請避免參與。政治過渡透過民主程序和平進行。該國根據《自由聯合協定》與美國保持密切關係。集會和言論自由都沒有受到重大限制。政治環境保持平靜，不會對旅行者構成風險。請關注當地新聞，以了解政治事件的最新動態。
應避免的區域
進入某些受歷史核試驗影響的環礁仍然受到限制，需要當地政府的許可。一些島嶼仍然禁止進入，因為它們仍然駐紮著美國的軍事設施，尤其是在誇賈林環礁周圍。二戰期間遺留的未爆彈在某些地區仍然是一個問題。請留意所有關於潛在受影響區域的警告，在陌生的地方徒步或潛水時務必格外小心。水下未爆彈也可能構成威脅。一些環礁因過去的核試驗而輻射水平達到危險水平。請遵循當地政府和旅遊經營者關於禁區的指導。旅遊設施有限，只有馬朱羅島和埃貝耶島上有幾家飯店。
