Colombia
關於Colombia
| 貨幣 | Colombian peso (COP) |
| 語言 | Spanish |
| 資本金 | Bogota |
The Republic of Colombia is located in northwestern South America with coastlines on both the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. Neighbouring countries include Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, and Panama. The population is about 47 million people.
Colombia’s government is a republic with a president as chief of state and head of government. Colombia has the fourth-largest economy in Latin America, but inequality and poverty are still widespread with about half of the population living under the poverty line.
Since the 1960s, government forces, left-wing insurgents and right-wing paramilitaries have created the longest sporadic armed conflict in South America. The cocaine trade aggravated the situation in the 1980s. In the last decade, violence has decreased significantly with the demobilization of many paramilitary groups. As a result, Colombia’s homicide rate decreased by almost 50 percent between 2002 and 2006. However, due to narcotics-related violence, the urban homicide rate, particularly in the city of Medellín, has increased in the past couple of years. Although kidnapping and homicide rates in urban areas have dropped in recent years, travellers should exercise caution at all times in certain urban areas and zones.
Tourist attractions include seven UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the cities of Cartagena and Santa Marta, and various colonial towns.
Colombia的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
乙肝疫苗
The risk of hepatitis B is low, however, the vaccination is recommended.
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
黃熱病疫苗
There is a risk of transmission of yellow fever in some areas. A yellow fever vaccination is recommended for all persons 9 months of age or older, except those travellers who are travelling only to the cities of Barranquilla, Cali, Cartagena and Medellin. The vaccination is not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to all areas at altitudes greater than 2,300 meters, the department of San Andrés y Providencia, and the capital city of Bogota. This country requires a certificate of yellow fever vaccination for travellers over 1 year of age travelling from Angola, Brazil, Democratic Republic of the Congo, or Uganda and travellers having transited for more than 12 hours through an airport from the same countries.
傷寒疫苗
Unvaccinated travellers are at risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities, rural areas, or staying with friends and family.
Colombia的推薦藥物
對於一些旅行者
抗瘧藥
For travellers whose itineraries include areas at altitudes less than, 1,700 meters (except Medellin, Bogota and Cartagena), the recommended anti-malarial medication is atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, or mefloquine. Chloraquine resistance is present.
Colombia要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Dengue Fever
Dengue fever outbreaks may occur in Colombia.
Hepatitis B
The risk of acquiring hepatitis B in Colombia is low.
Chikungunya Fever
Chikungunya fever has occurred in this country.
Hepatitis A
There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Colombia through contaminated food or water. Infection can still occur at tourist destinations and resorts.
對於一些旅行者
Leishmaniasis
There is a risk of acquiring Leishmaniasis in this country through sand fly bites.
West Nile Fever
There is a risk of acquiring West Nile virus in this country.
Measles
There is a risk of acquiring Measles in this country.
Tuberculosis
Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the healthcare field, or having close prolonged contact with a sick person.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Rabies
Rabies occurs in Colombia. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.
Malaria
There is a low risk of malaria transmission in rural areas below 1,600m. The risk of malaria transmission is very low in areas above 1,600m and in Cartagena. Awareness of risk and bite avoidance is recommended. Prescription anti-malaria medicine is recommended to prevent malaria.
Typhoid Fever
Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Colombia, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas and staying with friends or relatives.
Chagas Disease
American trypanosomiasis (“Chagas disease”) may occur in rural areas of Colombia. The risk of travellers acquiring this disease is low unless staying in very poor quality housing or camping.
Yellow Fever
There is a risk of transmission of yellow fever in some areas. A yellow fever vaccination is recommended for all persons 9 months of age or older, except those travellers who are travelling only to the cities of Barranquilla, Cali, Cartagena and Medellin. The vaccination is not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to all areas at altitudes greater than 2,300 meters, the department of San Andrés y Providencia, and the capital city of Bogota. This country requires a certificate of yellow fever vaccination for travellers over 1 year of age travelling from Angola, Brazil, Democratic Republic of the Congo, or Uganda and travellers having transited for more than 12 hours through an airport from the same countries.
Zika Fever
There is transmission of the Zika virus in this country.
Colombia中的安全性
人身安全
犯罪是遊客最擔心的問題。扒手和竊盜在波哥大、麥德林和卡利等大城市很常見，尤其是在人流密集的地區和公共交通工具上。武裝搶劫和行兇搶劫也時有發生。遊客會面臨服用東莨菪鹼等麻醉性藥物的顯著風險，犯罪者會透過飲料、食物、香菸或紙本傳單等方式讓受害者服用這些藥物。這種藥物會使受害者迷失方向，容易遭受搶劫和襲擊。犯罪分子會利用約會應用程式瞄準遊客，尤其是獨自旅行的遊客。他們製造看似安全的環境，卻最終導致受害者下藥、偷竊。哥倫比亞綁架事件頻傳。快速綁架是指強迫受害者從自動櫃員機提款，有時會將受害者扣留過夜，多次提款。民族解放軍和哥倫比亞革命武裝力量的異議人士在農村和邊境地區實施綁架。 2025年2月，29名警察和軍官在考卡省的埃爾普拉塔多被綁架。像「戈爾福家族」這樣的販毒集團襲擊平民和安全部隊。根據哥倫比亞國家警察局的數據，2023年犯罪率較2022年下降了10.9%，但竊盜現象仍普遍。謀殺和襲擊等暴力犯罪在全國普遍存在。在某些地區，涉及敲詐勒索和搶劫的組織犯罪猖獗。即使在富裕社區也存在暴力事件。使用共乘應用，而不是在街上叫出租車，以降低被綁架和搶劫的風險。避免夜間駕車出行，尤其是在農村地區和邊境附近。委內瑞拉、厄瓜多和巴拿馬邊境地區由於武裝團體和毒品販運的存在，十分危險。
極端暴力
哥倫比亞遭受民族解放軍、哥倫比亞革命武裝力量和馬克塔利亞二隊等組織的恐怖主義攻擊。這些組織犯下爆炸、針對平民的暴力、綁架以及針對軍事和警察設施的暴力攻擊。 2023 年，哥倫比亞政府數據顯示恐怖攻擊與 2022 年相比大幅下降，這可能是由於政府與一些恐怖組織之間達成停火協議。然而，襲擊在 2024 年和 2025 年恢復上升趨勢。 2025 年的恐怖主義行為仍高於過去十年上半年 404 起攻擊的平均水準。最近發生的事件包括 2025 年 3 月在考卡省巴爾博亞發生的炸彈爆炸，造成至少 5 人死亡，16 人受傷。 2025 年 2 月，北桑坦德省（包括庫庫塔）發生至少 5 起爆炸物攻擊，其中高速公路收費站和警察局發生汽車炸彈爆炸，造成至少 5 人受傷。 2025 年 8 月，卡利馬可·菲德爾·蘇亞雷斯空軍基地前發生攻擊，造成多人傷亡。民族解放軍和軍事委員會利用恐怖手段加強領土控制並遏制軍事行動。攻擊旨在恐嚇當地社區並阻止其與武裝部隊或敵對團體合作。屠殺仍在發生。 2023 年 1 月至 6 月期間，聯合國報告了 52 起屠殺事件，屠殺的定義是在一次事件中故意殺害三名或三名以上平民。殺傷性地雷對整個哥倫比亞構成威脅，尤其是在農村和偏遠地區。雷區通常沒有標示。 2023 年 1 月至 7 月期間，有 5 人死於地雷爆炸，58 人受傷。包括販毒組織在內的武裝團體在未經警告的情況下襲擊平民和安全部隊。恐怖分子和犯罪組織可能在幾乎沒有警告的情況下發動攻擊，目標是旅遊景點、餐廳、酒吧、購物中心、飯店和其他外國人經常光顧的公共場所。
政治動盪
示威活動經常因政治或經濟問題而發生。它們也可能發生在具有重要政治意義的節日和國際活動期間。示威活動可能無法預測，過去的示威活動甚至演變成暴力事件。首都波哥大經常發生抗議活動。 2024 年 4 月，數以萬計的哥倫比亞人抗議佩特羅總統提出的經濟和社會改革，約有 7 萬人在波哥大遊行。 2025 年 5 月，佩特羅總統呼籲在工會和社會組織的支持下於 5 月 28 日至 29 日舉行為期兩天的全國抗議活動。抗議者封鎖主要幹道，影響交通和流動性。 2025 年 6 月，在包括爆炸襲擊在內的暴力事件爆發期間，發生了大規模抗議活動，以支持佩特羅的勞工改革提案。道路封閉和路障導致遊客出行中斷。抗議活動可能會在沒有通知或預計重新開放時間的情況下關閉道路和高速公路，導致道路封閉，從而減少公共交通的使用併中斷城市內和城市之間的交通。示威活動有時會演變成暴力事件，造成人員傷亡。在2021年的抗議活動中，聯合國譴責安全部隊在卡利的鎮壓行動，該行動在第一個週末造成數十人死亡。據當地官員稱，2021年的抗議活動中暴力事件以殘酷的方式升級。由於武裝團體和犯罪團夥幹預選舉進程，全國各地選舉期間發生暴力事件的風險加劇。在全國和州選舉期間，應避免參加大型集會、政治集會和前往投票站。請關注包括社群媒體在內的當地媒體，如果您受到抗議活動的影響，請聽取當地政府的建議。
應避免的區域
哥倫比亞-委內瑞拉邊境地區極度危險。邊境線不清晰，意外越境進入委內瑞拉的風險較高。該地區犯罪、綁架、武裝衝突和拘留風險較高。試圖無簽證進入委內瑞拉的美國公民曾面臨恐怖主義指控並被長期拘留。阿勞卡省、考卡省（不包括波帕揚省）和北桑坦德省面臨嚴重的犯罪和恐怖主義威脅。在這些地區，武裝搶劫和謀殺等暴力犯罪頻傳。由於暴力事件增多，北桑坦德省和塞薩爾省的卡塔通博地區已宣布進入緊急狀態，並加強軍事存在和限制人員流動。巴拿馬邊境的達連隘口由於地形險峻、犯罪活動猖獗且基礎設施匱乏，極其危險。一些非法武裝團體在那裡活動，這裡是非法移民和販毒的中心。哥倫比亞和巴拿馬之間沒有公路過境點。與厄瓜多接壤的邊境地區風險較高。除泛美公路魯米查卡國際橋口岸外，避免在厄瓜多邊境5公里範圍內出遊。考卡山谷省的布埃納文圖拉、安蒂奧基亞省的圖爾博和納里尼奧省的圖馬科等港口城市較危險。非法武裝團體和犯罪團夥在所有種植、加工或運輸古柯的省份都很活躍。古柯種植密集的地區包括巴拿馬、委內瑞拉和厄瓜多爾邊境附近的農村地區，以及梅塔省的馬卡雷納國家公園。考卡山谷省西部，包括布埃納文圖拉，有安全風險。喬科省（首府基布多及努基、巴伊亞索拉諾和卡普爾加納等城鎮除外）、玻利瓦爾省南部、卡克塔省（弗洛倫西亞除外）、卡薩納雷省（約帕爾除外）、梅塔省南部（如果通過信譽良好的旅行團前往，卡諾維爾省克里斯塔萊斯）、納裡奧內安省、蘇利尼奧省、奧內藏。恐怖分子、罪犯和武裝團體出沒的鄉村地區和小鎮可能十分危險。應避免前往偏遠的鄉村地區。
