Guyana

Guyana的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

乙肝疫苗

There is a moderate risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

甲型肝炎疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

對於一些旅行者

狂犬病疫苗

Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.

卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗

BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk from coming in close contact with infected persons or for unvaccinated, children under 16 years of age, who are going to live in the country for more than 3 months.

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.

黃熱病疫苗

This country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers 1 year of age or older if arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission or having transited for more than 4 hours through an airport located in a country with a risk of yellow fever transmission. The yellow fever vaccination is recommended for all travellers 9 months of age or older.

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Guyana的推薦藥物

對於一些旅行者

抗瘧藥

The recommended anti-malarial medication for all areas, except the cities of Amsterdam and Georgetown, is mefloquine, doxycycline or atovaquone/proguanil. Drug resistance to chloroquine is present.

Guyana要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Hepatitis A

There is a risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Guyana through contaminated food or water.

Hepatitis B

There is a moderate risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Guyana.

Dengue Fever

Outbreaks of dengue fever may occur in Guyana.

Chikungunya Fever

Chikungunya fever has occurred in this country.

對於一些旅行者

Malaria

There is a risk of malaria in all areas of Guyana. There is a very low risk of malaria in the cities of Georgetown, Amsterdam, and the coastal region

Measles

There is a risk of acquiring Measles in this country.

West Nile Fever

There is a risk of acquiring West Nile virus in this country.

Leishmaniasis

There is a risk of acquiring Leishmaniasis in this country through sand fly bites.

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.

Yellow Fever

There is a risk of yellow fever transmission in Guyana. This country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers 1 year of age or older if arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission or having transited for more than 4 hours through an airport located in a country with a risk of yellow fever transmission. The yellow fever vaccination is recommended for all travellers 9 months of age or older.

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis occurs in Guyana. Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the healthcare field, or having close prolonged contact with a sick person.

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Guyana, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Chagas Disease

There is a very low risk for American trypanosomiasis (“Chagas disease”) unless staying in very poor quality housing or camping.

Rabies

Rabies occurs in Guyana. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

Zika Fever

Zika fever can occur in this country.

Guyana中的安全性

人身安全

圭亞那面臨嚴重的犯罪問題，對遊客造成影響。全國各地經常發生包括謀殺、持械搶劫、劫車、綁架和性侵犯在內的暴力犯罪。警方能力仍然有限，人手不足，缺乏有效應對嚴重事件的資源。大多數犯罪發生在夜間，風險也隨之增加。持械搶劫通常涉及多名襲擊者，並且可能發生在白天，劫匪會用槍或刀威脅受害者。犯罪者經常以外國人為目標，尤其是那些顯露出財富跡象的人。犯罪者有時會從切迪·賈根國際機場追蹤車輛，並在受害者抵達目的地後發動攻擊。這使得夜間往返機場的旅程尤其危險。銀行和自動櫃員機吸引了犯罪分子，他們會在提款後鎖定目標。喬治敦和國際機場之間的路線在夜間犯罪活動增加。扒手和搶錢包等輕微犯罪在繁忙地區、市場和公共交通工具上仍然很常見。盡可能結伴出行，不要獨自出行。透過飯店或信譽良好的公司預訂計程車，而不是在街上叫車。提前安排安全的機場接送交通。然而，2024年的數據顯示，犯罪率正在下降，謀殺、搶劫和入室盜竊的發生率創下十年來最低，與2023年相比下降了13.6%。

極端暴力

圭亞那位列全球暴力犯罪率較高的國家之列。其謀殺率約為美國的四倍。武裝搶劫、謀殺、劫車、槍擊、綁架和性侵犯頻傳。犯罪通常涉及多名襲擊者，受害者有時在警察還擊時被擊中。由於圭亞那是毒品販運的中繼站，因此毒品販運是暴力犯罪的主要驅動力。喬治城尤其容易受到幫派活動及其後續暴力的影響。家庭暴力在所有地區都時有發生，保護性法律的執行仍然薄弱，尤其是在警察力量減少且法院每季開庭的內陸地區。儘管整體犯罪率下降，但2024年的性侵犯報告數量仍有所增加。大多數性侵受害者都認識攻擊者。在暴力事件中，路人可能會成為意外的受害者。儘管有嚴格的許可要求，犯罪分子仍然普遍使用武器。然而，2024年底的政府數據顯示情況有所改善，該國的謀殺案數量創十年來新低，兇殺案破案率達71%。

政治動盪

圭亞那的政治緊張局勢主要源自於主要政黨之間長期存在的種族政治分歧。該國偶爾會發生抗議和示威活動，導致交通和公共交通中斷。即使是和平的集會也可能毫無預警地演變成暴力事件。選舉帶來了高風險時期，有爭議的結果可能引發騷亂。 2020年大選沒有發生重大安全事件，但後續選舉存在道路堵塞、焚燒瓦礫、與警方發生衝突以及結果受到質疑時發生衝突的風險。 2025年4月，一份屍檢報告發布後，喬治敦和其他地區爆發了激烈的騷亂，導致道路堵塞、搶劫、破壞公物和焚燒車輛。作為回應，政府在所有地區對凌晨12:30至凌晨5點之間的公眾集會實施了限制。與委內瑞拉在埃塞奎博地區持續存在的領土爭端造成了邊境地區的緊張局勢。委內瑞拉於2023年12月就爭議領土舉行了全民公投，引發了安全擔憂。偏遠地區的邊境局勢可能迅速惡化。該國與蘇利南在新河三角地區也存在邊界爭端。這兩個邊境地區的官方存在和基礎設施都很匱乏。

應避免的區域

喬治城包含多個高風險社區，應隨時避免前往。這些社區包括阿格里科拉 (Agricola)、虎灣 (Tiger Bay)、阿爾布伊斯敦 (Albouystown) 和斯塔布魯克市場 (Stabroek Market) 地區。喬治城南部的犯罪風險普遍較高。東岸德梅拉拉地區的巴克斯頓 (Buxton)、友誼 (Friendship) 和阿格里科拉 (Agricola) 地區暴力事件頻傳。學術研究證實，犯罪集中在喬治城弗利森根路 (Vlissengen Road) 以西。白天，請在國家公園、海堤和布爾達市場 (Bourda Market) 等地提高警覺。夜間，請完全避開弗利森根路 (Vlissengen Road)、國家公園和布爾達市場以東的海堤。喬治城和切迪·賈根國際機場之間的道路在天黑和黎明前尤其危險，經常發生武裝搶劫和車輛襲擊事件。沿途經常會看到犯罪者跟蹤旅客從機場到目的地。由於內陸地區警力稀缺，前往內陸地區有風險。前往內陸地區需要結隊出行，而不能單獨出行。由於領土爭端、幫派暴力、搶劫和勒索等問題，前往圭亞那與委內瑞拉和蘇利南接壤的邊境地區應格外謹慎。圭亞那-委內瑞拉邊境地區的漁村和採礦營地暴力犯罪猖獗，幾乎沒有執法人員駐守。