Vietnam

Vietnam的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

乙肝疫苗

There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

甲型肝炎疫苗

There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended. Infants 6 to 11 months old should also be vaccinated against the disease.

對於一些旅行者

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

One dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) is recommended to infants 6 to 11 months prior to international travel

卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗

A BCG vaccine is recommended for all unvaccinated adults and children under 16 years of age, staying in the country for more than 3 months. A tuberculin skin test is required prior to administering vaccination for all children from 6 years of age.

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.

霍亂疫苗

The U.K. NaTHNaC recommends the oral cholera vaccine for some travellers whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk, travelling to areas of active cholera transmission. These risk factors include: aid workers; those going to areas of cholera outbreaks who have limited access to potable water and medical care; travellers for whom the vaccination would be considered potentially beneficial, such as chronic medical conditions.

日本腦炎疫苗

Japanese encephalitis occurs year-round in this country with seasonal peaks from May to October, especially in the north. The highest rates occur in the northern provinces around Hanoi and northwestern provinces bordering China. Vaccination is recommended for travellers who visit the high-risk areas during the seasonal peaks and engage in extensive outdoor activities while visiting rural and/or rice farming areas.

狂犬病疫苗

Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.

Vietnam的推薦藥物

對於一些旅行者

抗瘧藥

Recommended anti-malaria medication includes atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline or mefloquine. In some areas, anti-malaria drug resistance for mefloquine and chloroquine has been reported.

Vietnam要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Chikungunya Fever

Chikungunya is a viral disease that occurs throughout Vietnam.

Dengue Fever

Dengue fever outbreaks occur all year long throughout Vietnam, with the peak season May through October.

Hepatitis A

There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Vietnam through contaminated food or water. Infection can still occur at tourist destinations and resorts.

Cholera

Cholera has occurred in this country.

Hepatitis B

There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Vietnam.

對於一些旅行者

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring hantavirus in Vietnam through contaminated food or by coming into contact with someone infected with the virus.

Malaria

High risk areas in Vietnam include rural and forested areas. Low risk areas include the cities of Da Nang, Hai Phong, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon), Nha Trang, and Quy Nhon.

Leishmaniasis

There is a risk of acquiring Leishmaniasis in the country.

Scrub Typhus

This disease generally occurs year-round in Vietnam.

Measles

There is a risk of exposure to measles in the country.

Zika Fever

Zika virus has occurred in this country. However, the mosquitoes that transmit Zika virus are unlikely to be found above 2,000m altitude.

Tuberculosis

Travellers to Vietnam are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Vietnam, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Japanese encephalitis

Japanese encephalitis occurs countrywide and year-round, especially from May to October in the northern provinces bordering China and around Hanoi. The risk for travellers of contracting Japanese encephalitis is low, but visiting the listed areas and extensive outdoor activity in rural areas will increase this risk.

Rabies

Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

Vietnam中的安全性

人身安全

越南在 2024 年全球和平指數的 163 個國家中排名第 41 位，並被美國國務院列為一級旅遊警告。針對外國人的暴力犯罪很少。您主要擔心的是輕微犯罪。摩托車竊賊會搶走行人和騎車人的手機、包包、相機和貴重物品，尤其是在河內和胡志明市。這種情況在擁擠的旅遊區經常發生，在聖誕節和農曆新年期間會增加。將包包放在遠離交通的一側，並注意駛近的摩托車。扒手經常發生在市場、公共汽車、火車和超市。在越南出售的毒品可能極度危險。它們可能是假的、合成的或摻有有毒成分的。據報道，夜總會裡的一氧化二氮氣球和陌生人的街頭小吃很危險。毒品和性犯罪會受到嚴厲的懲罰，包括長期監禁或死刑。街頭小販可能會出售假酒。如果被捕，通知你的大使館可能需要數週時間。醫療保健有限。醫生通常不會說英語，並要求外國人預付費用。越南的法律體系與西方標準截然不同，監獄條件非常差。你可能會在沒有證據或指控的情況下被長期拘留。

極端暴力

根據2024年全球恐怖主義指數，越南的恐怖主義風險為0%，是東南亞恐怖主義威脅最安全的國家之一。 2023年6月，多樂省兩處鄉鎮警察局遭襲，造成9人死亡。當局逮捕了75人，並將一些山地民族組織列為恐怖組織。這起事件是孤立事件，發生在偏遠地區，不會影響旅遊業。國內衝突通常僅限於偏遠地區，不會影響遊客。河內和胡志明市設有專門的旅遊警察部隊，為外國遊客提供協助。謀殺、襲擊和武裝搶劫等暴力犯罪相對罕見，尤其是針對遊客的暴力犯罪。自1975年以來，越南沒有經歷過重大的國內外衝突。

政治動盪

越南在全球民間騷亂發生率排名倒數25%的國家。大規模抗議或暴力示威活動罕見。政府對政治抗議和公眾示威活動實施嚴格管制。偶爾會發生小規模的和平示威活動，通常與中國的領土爭端或土地權問題有關。抗議活動通常不被容忍，並會迅速被鎮壓。土地徵用已成為全國各地的熱門議題，居民指責政府為了房地產或工業發展而忽視小地主。警方嚴密監控涉及人權、民主和公民社會等敏感議題的公眾集會。應避免任何抗議或示威活動，並遵守當局的指示。政治異議罕見。截至2024年，有超過170名維權人士和部落客正在服刑。批評政府或倡導共產黨統治以外的替代方案可能導致拘留、旅行禁令或監禁。獨立工會、人權組織、獨立媒體和政黨仍然被禁止。

應避免的區域

與中國、柬埔寨和寮國接壤的邊境地區需要獲得省級警察的許可，而且標記並不總是很清楚。美國公民曾在未經適當授權在這些邊境附近旅行後被拘留。軍事基地附近有限制。請勿在軍事設施附近拍照。地雷和未爆炸彈藥在以前的戰場上仍然是一個嚴重的危害，特別是在越南中部和靠近前胡志明小徑的寮國邊境。雷區通常沒有標示。西原偏遠的農村地區偶爾會發生民族緊張局勢，但這些事件是孤立的，通常不會影響遊客。健行、高空滑索、攀岩和滑翔傘等探險活動可能很危險。雨季，小徑並不總是標記，天氣狀況變化很快。旅行社可能不遵守國際安全標準。東部沿海地區從 5 月到 11 月面臨熱帶氣旋，帶來暴雨、洪水和山體滑坡。監測天氣預報並遵守當地政府的疏散命令。