Nauru
關於Nauru
| 貨幣 | Australian Dollar (AUD) |
| 語言 | Nauruan. English is widely spoken. |
| 資本金 | No official capital; Yaren District is the seat of Parliament |
The Republic of Nauru is in the geographic region of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands. This island nation, once known as Pleasant Island, is about 21 square kilometers with a population of about 11,000 people (2016). Nauru’s unemployment rate is about 90 percent, and citizens do not pay personal taxes. The literacy rate in Nauru is 96 percent.
Germany acquired Nauru under the 1886 Anglo-German Convention. During World War I, Australian forces captured the island from the Germans, and after the war, Australia administered Nauru. Japanese forces occupied Nauru during World War II. When the war ended, Nauru became a trustee of the United Nations. Nauru gained its independence in 1968 and is a member nation of the United Nations. The country is an island republic, with a president who is both head of government and chief of state.
In the past, Nauru gained its revenue from exporting phosphates. However, those reserves have been depleted, and there are very few other resources. Most goods are imported from Australia and the country’s income is mainly aid from Australia. Tourism does not contribute much to the economy. Tourist facilities are few. For those who visit this island, there are only two hotels, and deep-sea fishing is the main activity.
Nauru的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
乙肝疫苗
There is a risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to hepatitis A in this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗
BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk from coming in close contact with infected persons or for unvaccinated, children under 16 years of age, who are going to live in the country for more than 3 months.
麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
傷寒疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities, rural areas, or staying with friends and family.
Nauru的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對Nauru的建議。
Nauru要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis A
There is a risk of exposure to hepatitis A virus in this country through contaminated food or water.
Hepatitis B
There is a risk for acquiring hepatitis B in this country.
Dengue Fever
Dengue fever may occur in this country.
對於一些旅行者
Chikungunya Fever
There is a risk of acquiring Chikungunya in this country.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Measles
There is a risk of acquiring Measles in this country.
Tuberculosis
Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the healthcare field, or having close prolonged contact with a sick person.
Typhoid Fever
Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Nauru, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where water and food may not be safe.
Rabies
The risk of acquiring Rabies is low. However, it may be present in bats, but has not been reported in domestic animals in this country. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) may be at risk.
Nauru中的安全性
人身安全
諾魯犯罪率低，是太平洋最安全的小島國之一。扒手和搶錢包等輕微犯罪時有發生，但暴力犯罪仍然很少見。約一萬人口的小島國意味著大多數當地人都互相認識，這使得匿名變得困難，從而可以震懾犯罪活動。由於島國面積很小，很少有偏僻地區可以不被察覺地發現犯罪行為。您仍然應該像在其他地方一樣保管您的財物，尤其是護照和旅行證件。毒品犯罪正逐漸成為當地執法部門關注的問題，儘管目前仍處於較低水準。緊密的社區結構意味著違法者幾乎沒有機會不被發現。旅遊基礎設施極為有限，因此您需要做好充分的規劃並保持自給自足。諾魯共和國醫院僅提供基本護理，因此如果您受傷或患病嚴重，可能需要緊急醫療後送至澳洲。流浪狗很常見，可能攜帶狂犬病和鉤端螺旋體病等疾病，因此請避免與它們接觸，並考慮在散步時攜帶棍子。
極端暴力
諾魯的暴力犯罪率極低。近年來，沒有與政府相關的任意或非法殺戮、法外行動或失蹤事件的通報。該國沒有恐怖主義歷史，但也不能完全排除攻擊的可能性。由於諾魯面積小、基礎設施有限且地理位置偏僻，有組織犯罪網絡和黑手黨式團體不太可能在島上活動。沒有證據顯示有軍火販運，禁止進口槍枝、爆炸物和武器。該國沒有私人擁有的合法或非法槍支。死刑於2016年廢除，自1968年獨立至廢除死刑期間，並未執行任何死刑。家庭暴力和性別暴力仍然是一個嚴重的問題，警方經常收到投訴。許多強姦和性虐待案件未被舉報，但警方通常會調查已舉報的案件，並由法院起訴。強姦罪最高可判處25年有期徒刑。毒品犯罪正成為執法機構關注的問題，最近的一些案件涉及沒收犯罪所得。然而，與其他太平洋國家相比，毒品相關事件的發生率仍然較低。無論背景如何，人身攻擊、仇恨犯罪和惡語攻擊都很罕見。由於人口稀少且社會群體性強，糾紛通常透過家庭或社區和解等非正式途徑解決。
政治動盪
瑙魯政局相對穩定。該國實行議會制民主共和國，約1萬人口與民選官員保持密切聯繫。國際觀察員認為，近期國會選舉整體自由公正，但也出現了賄選和跳槽的指控。 2013年之前，政治競爭造成了不穩定，但近幾屆政府的任期都比較滿。 2023年10月的不信任投票導致領導層更迭。近年來最嚴重的政治動盪與諾魯19人有關，這群被告在2015年議會外的反政府抗議活動中被控嚴重襲擊、騷亂和擾亂立法機關等罪行。這場抗議活動吸引了數百人參加，抗議五名反對黨議員被停職。諾魯19人小組成員因涉嫌政府乾預而面臨曠日持久的審判，部分成員最終於2019年12月被判處監禁。所有成員均於2020年4月獲釋。 2018年3月，政府切斷了與澳洲高等法院的聯繫，切斷了部分被告的最後上訴管道。一些與安置在澳洲難民處理中心的尋求庇護者有關的抗議活動遭到鎮壓。民間騷亂和抗議活動通常以和平方式發生，但您仍應關注當地新聞，避免參加示威或大型集會。腐敗仍然是一個持續的挑戰，涉及政客和外國企業的賄賂指控尤其與澳洲難民處理中心和磷酸鹽出口有關。
應避免的區域
瑙魯沒有需要避開的特定高風險區域。該島面積僅21平方公里，是全球最小的國家之一。由於面積狹小且人口密度低，島上幾乎沒有孤立區域引發安全隱患。伊布韋納佩的梅嫩酒店週邊地區白天和夜晚都被認為是安全的，犯罪率幾乎為零。大多數定居點透過環島的主環路連接。島嶼內部是被稱為「Topside」的磷酸鹽礦開採區，這片區域貧瘠且不適合居住，但從犯罪率的角度來看並不危險。由於缺乏外堡礁，島嶼大部分地區的海岸線不適合游泳，這使得巨浪和強勁的暗流能夠直接衝擊海岸。尖銳的珊瑚和岩石在大多數地方幾乎沒有安全的游泳或水上運動空間。阿尼巴雷港是一個人工保護區，由於沒有鋒利的珊瑚和岩石，深受當地人的喜愛。海灘缺乏救生員的監管，潮汐變化會產生強大的水流和激流。救援服務可能不符合國際標準。島上設有澳洲管理的區域處理中心，但遊客無法進入。島上沒有城市危險區域或犯罪率高的社區。與其他地方一樣，您應注意周圍環境，避免天黑後獨自在光線昏暗的地方行走。
