Syria
關於Syria
| 貨幣 | Syrian pound (SYP) |
| 語言 | Arabic |
| 資本金 | Damascus |
The Syrian Arab Republic (Syria) is located in the Middle East, between Lebanon and Turkey. The country also borders the Mediterranean Sea, Iraq, Jordan, and Israel. The population of Syria is about 22.5 million people.
The government of Syria is a republic with an authoritarian regime. A president is chief of state and a prime minister is head of government.
Modern Syria gained independence from France in 1946. From 1946 to 1970, there was a lack of political stability and numerous military coups. Syria was under Emergency Law from 1962 until 2011, effectively suspending most constitutional protections for citizens. In March 2011, anti-government protests demanded repeal of the Emergency Law. The government reacted by repealing the aw and making some concessions but also responding with force. As of April 2011, the protests continued. Unfortunately, the entire country has entered a civil war with thousands of deaths in the past 3 years.
Syria has played a major regional role, particularly through its central role in the Arab conflict with Israel and by active involvement in Lebanese and Palestinian affairs.
Syria retains a rich ancient history and many significant historical sites. Damascus is known as one of the oldest living cities in the world. The ancient cities of Damascus, Aleppo, Palmyra and Bosra are all listed on UNESCO’s World Heritage list.
Syria的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
乙肝疫苗
There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
麻疹,腮腺炎,風疹(MMR)疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for all travellers over 6 months of age.
傷寒疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.
霍亂疫苗
There are no specific recommendations by CDC or NaTHNac for the cholera vaccine for travel to Syria. However, generally the oral cholera vaccine is recommended for some travellers, ages 18-64, whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk, travelling to areas of active cholera transmission. These risk factors include: aid workers; those going to areas of cholera outbreaks who have limited access to potable water and medical care; travellers for whom the vaccination would be considered potentially beneficial, such as chronic medical conditions.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
Syria的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對Syria的建議。
Syria要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Cholera
Cholera has occurred in Syria
Hepatitis A
There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Syria through contaminated food or water.
Hepatitis B
There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Syria.
對於一些旅行者
Measles
There is a risk of Measles in this country, especially in infants aged 6 to 11 months.
Tuberculosis
Travellers to Syria are at risk for tuberculosis, if visiting ill friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with infected persons.
Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever
There is a risk of acquiring Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in this country through specific insect, bug or tick bites or by coming in close contact with a person or animal infected with this disease. Travellers involved in activities like hiking, camping, working with animals, and visiting farms and forested areas are at a higher risk. There are no vaccinations (or medications) to prevent Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever.
MERS
There is a risk of acquiring MERS-CoV in this country. Scientists do not fully understand how the MERS virus spreads. It is a viral infection transmitted through direct or indirect contact with infected camels or camel-related products. Limited person-to-person transmission through coughing and sneezing from infected persons, typically in healthcare settings, has also been reported. There is currently no vaccine to prevent MERS.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Schistosomiasis
The parasite that causes schistosomiasis may found in Syria, however, there are no current data for risk.
Typhoid Fever
Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Syria, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis occurs in Syria, particularly in the northern region. It is usually more common in rural than urban areas, and the risk of acquiring leishmaniasis is increased in travellers who spend time outdoors in rural areas and at night, when sand flies typically feed.
Rabies
Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.
Syria中的安全性
人身安全
敘利亞面臨嚴峻的安全挑戰,對遊客來說極為危險。 2024年12月,反對派武裝奪取大馬士革控制權,建立過渡政府,阿薩德政權垮台。儘管如此,敘利亞各地暴力事件依然普遍存在。包括美國、加拿大和澳洲在內的多國政府維持四級旅行警告,建議所有公民不要前往敘利亞。美國於2012年暫停了駐敘利亞大使館的運作,無法提供領事服務,捷克共和國成為其保護國。外國公民面臨被包括ISIS和基地組織分支在內的武裝團體綁架勒索贖金、任意拘留和劫持人質的風險。過去的案例表明,如果沒有公正的司法程序或醫療服務,拘留可能非常嚴酷且不衛生。恐怖主義仍然是一個重大威脅。 2025年6月,大馬士革希臘東正教先知以利亞教堂發生攻擊,造成至少30人死亡。攻擊類型包括爆炸、簡易爆炸裝置、暗殺、槍擊和自殺炸彈攻擊。經過多年的下降之後,ISIS 的攻擊在 2024 年有所增加,主要集中在敘利亞東部。這場人道危機影響了超過 1400 萬人,需要援助。住房、醫療設施、學校和公用事業等基礎設施遭到摧毀。戰爭遺留的未爆炸彈藥在許多地區構成嚴重威脅。安全部門嚴密監控通訊及手機使用情形。禁止在檢查站拍攝官方建築物和使用手機。外國旅客面臨更大的拘留和騷擾風險,尤其是在全國各地的官方和非官方檢查站。
極端暴力
敘利亞內戰始於2011年,儘管2024年12月政權更迭,但戰火仍持續,暴力衝突持續不斷。據估計,這場衝突已造成50多萬人死亡,數十萬人受傷、被任意拘留或強迫失蹤。艾哈邁德·沙雷領導的新過渡政府面臨針對少數群體的持續宗派暴力。 2025年初,敘利亞阿拉維派遭到屠殺,據報沿海地區有1,700多名平民喪生。 2025年7月,德魯茲派和貝都因派在蘇韋達爆發衝突,隨後政府的干預導致至少765名德魯茲平民被處決,監測組織表示。聯合國專家報告了殺戮、強迫失蹤、綁架、搶劫以及針對婦女和女孩的性暴力事件。政府軍與效忠前總統阿薩德的團體之間的暴力衝突仍在西部沿海地區持續發生。包括敘利亞人民抵抗運動在內的阿薩德支持者對新政府軍發動伏擊。 ISIS 繼續構成威脅,尤其是在敘利亞東部,那裡的襲擊在經歷了多年的下降之後,於 2024 年有所增加。該組織的目標是控制東北大部分地區的敘利亞民主力量。據記錄,衝突期間使用了化學武器。人道組織報告,自 2024 年 12 月以來,未爆彈造成至少 414 人死亡,600 人受傷,其中三分之一是兒童。根據記錄,政府軍、武裝反對派和恐怖組織在全國各地實施性暴力、酷刑、即決處決和任意拘留。多個武裝派系逍遙法外,犯下嚴重侵犯人權的行為,包括綁架、法外處決和強迫失蹤。
政治動盪
儘管阿薩德政權於2024年12月垮台,但敘利亞政局依然極不穩定。由「解放沙姆」組織領導的過渡政府難以建立控制權,面臨多重挑戰。不同地區由相互競爭的力量控制,造成了碎片化的安全環境。敘利亞民主力量控制敘利亞東北部,土耳其支持的「國民軍」控制著北部地區,各種地方武裝團體則佔據南部地區的領土。少數民族社區、效忠前政權的團體和臨時政府安全部隊之間持續發生暴力衝突。 2023年和2024年,受經濟困難和政治要求的驅動,蘇韋達省和德拉省爆發了反政府抗議活動。經過六個月的示威活動,第一位抗議者於2024年2月被政府軍殺害。 2025年,賈拉馬納爆發了反對總統沙雷及其政府的抗議活動。臨時政府宣布解散武裝民兵並將其併入敘利亞國防部,但實施面臨障礙。敘利亞看守當局與庫德人領導的敘利亞民主力量之間就融合問題進行的談判仍在繼續,儘管這兩個團體之間的衝突仍在持續。 2025年針對阿拉維派和德魯茲派的大規模宗派暴力事件加劇了人們對進一步爆發暴力衝突的擔憂。最高教令委員會發布裁決,禁止報復性殺戮,顯示法外報復仍面臨挑戰。以色列維持對戈蘭高地緩衝區的軍事佔領,並在敘利亞全境發動空襲,包括針對政府軍。土耳其繼續在敘利亞北部對庫德族武裝採取軍事行動。國際制裁仍然存在,但美國已於2025年7月取消了對敘利亞「哈姆札」的外國恐怖分子認定。
應避免的區域
由於ISIS的存在和持續不斷的襲擊,敘利亞東部,尤其是代爾祖爾省和哈塞克省,仍然極其危險,禁止遊客前往。該組織在敘利亞中部巴迪亞沙漠地區的偏遠地區活動。伊德利卜省西北部被武裝團體控制,遭到猛烈攻擊。該地區遭受了猛烈的轟炸和人口流離失所。該地區先前由努斯拉陣線控制,目前已被土耳其有效佔領,使用土耳其貨幣而非敘利亞里拉。敘利亞東北部由庫德人領導的敘利亞民主力量控制,局勢持續動盪,土耳其的軍事行動也瞄準了該地區。土耳其空襲襲擊了民用設施,導致社區斷電斷電,醫療資源匱乏。該地區存在政府軍和土耳其支持的武裝團體等多方衝突。與土耳其、伊拉克和約旦接壤的邊境地區經常遭到砲擊和攻擊。邊境檢查站並非安全之地,因為武裝團體透過綁架勒索贖金來獲取資金。邊境城鎮偶爾會遭遇意外襲擊。 2025年,包括拉塔基亞和塔爾圖斯省在內的沿海地區經歷了大規模暴力事件,阿拉維派社區遭到攻擊。這些地區發生了宗派屠殺,醫院和救護車無法正常運作。 2025年7月,敘利亞南部的蘇韋達省發生了德魯茲派團體、貝都因武裝分子和政府軍之間的暴力衝突,造成數百人死亡。以色列對戈蘭高地緩衝區及其周邊地區的軍事佔領使這些地區變得危險。衝突地區在敘利亞全國變化莫測。敘利亞境內一些地區由不受政府管轄的地方武裝團體控制。戰鬥可能發生在任何地方,而且極難預測。