Kyrgyzstan
關於Kyrgyzstan
| 貨幣 | Kyrgyz som (KGS) |
| 語言 | Kyrgyz (national); Russian (official) |
| 資本金 | Bishkek |
The Kyrgyz Republic, or Kyrgyzstan, is a mountainous country in central Asia, west of China and sharing borders with China, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. The population is about 5.5 million people. Kyrgyzstan’s government is a parliamentary republic with a president as chief of state and a prime minister as head of government.
In 1876, what is now Kyrgyzstan, was incorporated into the Russian empire. The country gained independence in August 1991 with the collapse of the USSR. In 2005, flawed elections and economic concerns created popular discontent with the government and the presidency. Since 2005, a succession of leaders followed until stability returned in 2011.
However, continuing concerns include political and economic corruption, tense relations between ethnic groups, terrorist threats, and unstable border security. The country still copes with slow economic growth due to the global financial crisis and the decline of oil prices.
The tourism sector is not well developed. However, Kyrgyzstan is known for remarkable, unspoiled natural beauty. There are opportunities for outdoor activities, such as camping and trekking.
Kyrgyzstan的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
甲型肝炎疫苗
Due to the risk of exposure to hepatitis A, vaccination is recommended.
乙肝疫苗
Due to the risk of exposure to hepatitis B, vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
傷寒疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities and rural areas.
麻疹,腮腺炎,風疹(MMR)疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for all travellers over 6 months of age.
卡介苗芽孢桿菌(BCG)疫苗
BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk from coming in close contact with infected persons or for unvaccinated, children under 16 years of age, who will live in Kyrgyzstan for more than 3 months.
ick蟲腦炎疫苗
Most cases occur in grassy or forested areas less than 2,500 ft (750 m) elevation from April through November, with peaks in early and late summer. Outdoor activities such as camping, hiking, fishing, bicycling and outdoor occupations may bring a higher risk or exposure.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
Kyrgyzstan的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對Kyrgyzstan的建議。
Kyrgyzstan要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis B
There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Kyrgyzstan through sexual contact, contaminated needles, and blood products.
Hepatitis A
There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in this country through contaminated food or water. Infection can still occur at tourist destinations and resorts.
對於一些旅行者
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Measles
There is a risk of Measles in this country, especially in infants aged 6 to 11 months.
Leishmaniasis
There is a risk of acquiring Leishmaniasis in this country through sand fly bites, particularly between dusk to dawn. Adventure tourists, outdoor athletes, or humanitarian aid workers are at a higher risk.
Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever
There is a risk of acquiring Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in this country through specific insect, bug or tick bites or by coming in close contact with a person or animal infected with this disease. Travellers involved in activities like hiking, camping, working with animals, and visiting farms and forested areas are at a higher risk. There are no vaccinations (or medications) to prevent Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever.
Tick-Borne Encephalitis
Tick-borne encephalitis occurs in this country. Cases were previously reported in Ala-Archa National Nature Park in the Tian Shan mountains (Chüy Region).
Tuberculosis
Travellers to Kyrgyzstan are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting ill friends or family or working in the health care field.
Typhoid Fever
Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in this country, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas and staying with friends or relatives. There is an increased risk for travellers who are in contact with an infected person, young children, long-term travellers, and those visiting areas of poor sanitation.
Rabies
Rabies has been reported in domestic and wild animals in this country. Bats may also carry rabies-like viruses. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.
Kyrgyzstan中的安全性
人身安全
吉爾吉斯斯坦扒竊、搶包等輕微犯罪頻傳,尤其是在市場和大眾運輸等人密集場所。針對當地人和外國人的暴力犯罪也很常見,警方的應對措施往往有限。冒充警察的竊賊會接近旅客,要求罰款。如果遇到這種情況,可以主動跟隨警察到警察局繳費。瑪納斯國際機場的詐欺性機場工作人員會引誘旅客上車並索取金錢。犯罪率呈現好壞參半的局面。暴力犯罪略有下降,但近年來竊盜案件比前幾年增加了10%,尤其是在旅遊區。腐敗的警察可能是一個問題。交通警察會隨意對所謂的違規行為處以罰款。有組織的團夥專門針對外國人。由於人口較多,比什凱克、奧什和卡拉科爾等地的安全問題最為嚴重,但農村地區通常較安全。夜間出行要小心,尤其是在比什凱克光線昏暗的地區。天黑後避免獨自行走,夜間盡量選擇私家車或提前預約的計程車,避免搭乘大眾運輸工具。除非在官方警察局,否則請勿交出護照。您必須隨身攜帶護照或經過公證的複印件,因為警察可能會在沒有護照的情況下逮捕您。據報告,飲料中可能摻有毒品,因此切勿將飲料放在無人看管的地方,並避免接受陌生人的飲料。
極端暴力
恐怖攻擊可能不分皂白,即使在外國人造訪的地方也是如此。最近最引人注目的攻擊是2016年8月30日針對中國駐比什凱克大使館的自殺式爆炸,據報道攻擊者是突厥斯坦伊斯蘭黨。吉爾吉斯斯坦一直存在一些恐怖活動和武裝暴力事件,尤其是在奧什南部和西部。自2014年以來,估計有850名吉爾吉斯公民離開該國加入恐怖組織。該國仍然容易受到跨國威脅,尤其是在偏遠的南部地區,那裡邊界不清且管制鬆懈,人員和非法貨物流動相對自由。當局報告每年都會逮捕數名與恐怖主義有關的人員,其中包括被控招募吉爾吉斯斯坦國民加入國際恐怖組織的人員。儘管存在風險,但恐怖攻擊在吉爾吉斯斯坦仍然很少見。政府限制有關國家安全問題的公開信息,因此很難評估威脅的真實程度。由於中東地區緊張局勢加劇,以色列和與猶太人有關的場所可能成為目標。由於缺乏專業知識、資源以及法律框架可能存在缺陷,吉爾吉斯斯坦在調查和起訴返回的外國恐怖主義戰鬥人員的能力方面面臨限制。
政治動盪
比什凱克和全國各地經常發生示威活動。大多數示威活動是和平的,但偶爾會演變成暴力事件,有時幾乎沒有或根本沒有警告。請避開人群和示威活動。 2024 年 5 月 17 日和 18 日,在比什凱克針對南亞移工和學生的抗議活動中,有 41 人受傷。 2022 年 10 月,在因與烏茲別克斯坦的邊界劃分協議而舉行的示威活動中,二十多名抗議者被捕,一年多後,他們仍被拘留,面臨準備煽動騷亂的指控。吉爾吉斯斯坦在 21 世紀經歷了三次革命。 2020 年的革命於 10 月 5 日開始,以回應國會選舉舞弊指控。 10 月 6 日,選舉結果被取消,總統熱恩別科夫於 10 月 15 日辭職。據衛生部稱,2020 年的抗議活動中有 768 人受傷。此前,比什凱克曾發生過兩次革命,一次是2005年,另一次是2010年。 2010年的革命導致至少41名抗議者在暴力衝突中喪生。政治不穩定和潛在的內亂仍然令人擔憂。自2021年以來,在總統薩迪爾·扎帕羅夫的領導下,現任政府對公民社會進行了打壓,系統性地壓制批評聲音,包括逮捕活動人士、記者、人權捍衛者和反對派政客。 2022年3月,政府推出了全面禁止抗議活動的禁令,並延長至2023年10月。自2020年以來,政治局勢已趨於穩定,但在白宮總統府和比什凱克阿拉圖廣場附近仍可能發生示威活動。
應避免的區域
出於安全考慮,請避免前往塔吉克斯坦和烏茲別克斯坦邊境30公里範圍內的地區進行非必要旅行。由於邊界劃分不清且管理鬆懈,南部地區容易發生走私活動,使安全局勢動盪危險。應避免前往靠近塔吉克邊境的巴特肯地區。 2022年,與塔吉克斯坦接壤的巴特肯地區的軍事衝突升級為武裝衝突。雙方宣布進入緊急狀態,隨後在達成停火協議後解除。安全局勢依然動盪,可能在沒有任何預警的情況下惡化。截至2025年3月,與塔吉克斯坦接壤的兩個邊境檢查站已開放過境,對美國人沒有旅行限制,但由於近期發生邊境衝突,遊客應謹慎行事。塔吉克和烏茲別克接壤地區可能存在標記和未標記的雷區,尤其是在非管制地區。避開烏茲別克的索赫和沙希馬爾丹聚居區以及塔吉克斯坦的沃魯赫聚居區,因為入境要求複雜,安全局勢瞬息萬變。費爾幹納谷地的安全局勢風險較高,包括恐怖主義、暴力犯罪威脅、內亂風險。吉爾吉斯南部尚未完全從2010年針對烏茲別克族的種族暴力事件中恢復過來。奧許的文化底蘊深厚,但可能會發生示威和暴動。前往之前,請務必查看最新的安全狀況,並考慮聘請可靠的當地導遊。伊塞克湖周邊地區以及楚伊、塔拉斯和納倫等北部地區對遊客來說通常比較安全。