Tanzania

Tanzania的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

甲型肝炎疫苗

There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

乙肝疫苗

There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

對於一些旅行者

霍亂疫苗

The U.K. NaTHNaC recommends the oral cholera vaccine for some travellers whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk, travelling to areas of active cholera transmission. These risk factors include: aid workers; those going to areas of cholera outbreaks who have limited access to potable water and medical care; travellers for whom the vaccination would be considered potentially beneficial, such as chronic medical conditions. The U.S. CDC recommends the cholera vaccine for children and adults who are traveling to areas of active cholera transmission.

黃熱病疫苗

The vaccine is not generally recommended for Tanzania. However, this country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers 1 year of age and older arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.

狂犬病疫苗

Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.

Tanzania的推薦藥物

對於一些旅行者

抗瘧藥

Recommended anti-malaria medication includes atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, tafenoquine, or mefloquine. Anti-malaria drug resistance for chloroquine is present.

Tanzania要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Dengue Fever

Dengue fever outbreaks have occurred in Tanzania, and the risk to travellers is significant.

Hepatitis B

There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Tanzania.

Hepatitis A

There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Tanzania through contaminated food or water. Infection can still occur at tourist destinations and resorts.

Chikungunya Fever

Chikungunya fever has occurred in this country.

Cholera

Cholera does occur in this country.

對於一些旅行者

Rift Valley Fever (RVF)

Sporadic outbreaks of Rift Valley fever occur in Tanzania.

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Tanzania, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Sleeping Sickness (Type 2)

This disease occurs in rural Tanzania. It is transmitted through the bite of infected tsetse flies, which live in the woodlands and thickets of the savannah and in the dense vegetation along streams. Travellers to urban areas are not at risk.

Leishmaniasis

Sporadic cases of leishmaniasis occur in Tanzania. The risk of acquiring leishmaniasis is increased in travellers who spend time outdoors in rural areas and at night when sand flies typically feed.

Yellow Fever

There is a very low risk of exposure to yellow fever in this country. This country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers 1 year of age and older arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.

Tuberculosis

Travellers to this country are at significant risk for tuberculosis, including multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.

Zika Fever

Zika fever occurs in this country.

Schistosomiasis

The parasite that causes schistosomiasis is found in Tanzania. It is acquired through contact with fresh water, such as swimming, bathing, or rafting. Well-chlorinated swimming pools and contact with saltwater in oceans or seas will not put travellers at risk for schistosomiasis.

Rabies

Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

Malaria

High risk areas include all areas under 1800 meters (5,906 ft.).

Tanzania中的安全性

人身安全

根據2024年全球和平指數，坦尚尼亞在非洲最安全的國家中排名第七。扒手和搶劫等輕微犯罪常見於擁擠的旅遊區和城市中心，尤其是在達累斯薩拉姆和桑給巴爾的石頭城。包括武裝搶劫在內的暴力犯罪在坦尚尼亞全國各地都存在，但針對遊客的犯罪較少。達累斯薩拉姆曾發生過快速綁架事件，受害者遭到襲擊、搶劫，並被迫在與陌生人交朋友或乘坐無牌出租車後從自動取款機取款或安排轉賬。達累斯薩拉姆的犯罪分子變得更加大膽，經常有報道稱在姆薩薩尼半島的圖雷大道沿線發生從行駛的車輛上搶劫行李的事件。不要反抗搶劫企圖，因為受害者可能會被拖到車後。夜間犯罪率上升，因此請避免在天黑後獨自在市區行走。像阿魯沙這樣的旅遊目的地曾發生武裝搶劫、劫車和入室搶劫事件。桑給巴爾街頭犯罪和性騷擾率不斷上升。飲料下藥的現象隨處可見，所以切勿接受陌生人的食物或飲料，並注意自己的飲料。針對遊客的詐騙手法包括假旅行社、服務收費過高、索取金錢。大多數遊客只要採取適當的預防措施，就能安心入住。

極端暴力

2023年，坦尚尼亞沒有發生過恐怖攻擊事件。主要的恐怖主義威脅來自邊境地區活動的恐怖組織。莫三比克伊斯蘭國對居住在坦三比克邊境的公民構成重大威脅，尤其是在姆特瓦拉地區。 2020年和2021年，姆特瓦拉地區發生了多起攻擊事件，伊斯蘭國武裝分子從莫三比克越境劫掠村莊、燒毀建築物並綁架居民。坦尚尼亞關閉了與莫三比克的邊境口岸兩年多，在嚴密監視和加強審查下，於2023年10月重新開放了七個邊境檢查站。政府在南部邊境地區姆特瓦拉、魯伍馬和林迪部署了強大的安全人員。據信，總部位於索馬利亞的青年黨在坦尚尼亞境內活躍，並加強了針對年輕人的斯瓦希里語宣傳。據信，ISIS-DRC 成員從剛果民主共和國和布隆迪進入坦尚尼亞西部，但這些行動似乎是為了籌集資金或招募人員，而不是發動攻擊。據報道，坦尚尼亞發生了青年失蹤事件，人們擔心青年會從桑給巴爾等中轉站加入暴力極端主義團體，但2023年此類報道有所減少。坦尚尼亞裔人士仍在鄰國的恐怖組織中擔任領導職務。大多數攻擊針對的是當地安全部隊，但針對西方利益的攻擊仍然存在。

政治動盪

2025 年大選定於 2025 年 10 月 28 日至 29 日舉行，接近大選，政治緊張局勢加劇。 2024 年全年，當局加強了對政治反對派的壓制。 2024 年 1 月，數百名 Chadema 黨支持者舉行了七年來的首次大規模抗議活動，要求進行選舉改革並解決生活成本問題。到 2024 年中期，政治氣氛顯著惡化。 2024 年 8 月，在姆貝亞舉行的青年節示威活動中，超過 500 人被捕，其中包括反對派領導人弗里曼·姆博韋和前總統候選人通杜·利蘇。 9 月，在計劃舉行的抗議政治活動人士莫名失踪的抗議活動之前，約有 60 人被捕。幾名 Chadema 青年活動人士被警方逮捕後失踪，包括 Deusdedith Soka 和 Dioniz Kipanya。 2024年9月，Chadema高級成員Ally Kibao被自稱士兵的男子綁架，隔天被發現死亡，身上有嚴重的酸灼傷和酷刑痕跡。哈桑總統拒絕了進行獨立調查的呼籲。警方在集會期間任意逮捕、拘留並實施法外處決。到2024年底，警方宣布暫停集會。歷史上，選舉曾演變成暴力事件並造成人員傷亡。示威活動可能在短時間內在任何地方發生，即使是和平示威也可能演變成暴力事件。預計坦尚尼亞選舉期間將加強安保力量。避免參加所有示威、集會和大型人群聚集活動。

應避免的區域

由於武裝攻擊、恐怖主義和綁架的威脅，請避免在姆特瓦拉地區距離莫三比克邊境20至30公里的範圍內旅行。莫三比克伊斯蘭國曾在該地區發動攻擊，包括2020年在基塔亞村發生的事件，攻擊者造成約20人死亡。坦尚尼亞軍事和安全部隊透過控制出入和監視行動來進行反叛亂行動。在坦尚尼亞西北部難民營附近旅行時要小心，特別是在基戈馬地區和與布隆迪、剛果民主共和國和盧安達接壤的卡蓋拉以西，因為土匪活動猖獗。這些邊境地區的跨境恐怖活動和騷亂可能蔓延到坦尚尼亞。達累斯薩拉姆犯罪率較高，需要提高警覺。犯罪分子變得更加大膽，姆薩薩尼半島圖雷大道沿線經常發生犯罪事件，尤其是從行駛中的車輛上搶劫行李。該市曾發生過快速綁架事件。不過，大多數遊客可以完全避開達累斯薩拉姆，直接飛往桑給巴爾的阿貝德·阿馬尼·卡魯姆國際機場或北部的乞力馬扎羅國際機場。桑給巴爾近年來發生一些犯罪和恐怖主義事件，街頭犯罪和性騷擾的發生率不斷上升，尤其是在石頭城。與大陸的野生動物保護區相比，島嶼需要更加警惕。坦尚尼亞北部的阿魯沙曾發生武裝搶劫、劫車和入室搶劫事件。坦尚尼亞北部的旅遊景點，包括乞力馬扎羅山和北部環線野生動物園，目前仍安全。