Costa Rica
關於Costa Rica
| 貨幣 | Costa Rican colon (CRC) |
| 語言 | Spanish |
| 資本金 | San Jose. Also recognized are the regional languages of Bribri and Mekatelyu. |
The Republic of Costa Rica is located in Central America. Neighbouring countries include Nicaragua and Panama. Costa Rica’s coastline includes the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. The population is about 4.5 million people.
Costa Rica’s government is a democratic republic with a president as chief of state and head of government. Costa Rica has experienced more stability than most of the Latin American countries. After the Costa Rican Civil War in 1948, the new government abolished the army and established a democratic government.
Costa Rica is known for its progressiveness. The country has a universal health care system ranked higher than the United States. In 2007, the government created plans to become the first carbon-neutral country by 2021. This country has also set aside about 25 percent of its land area as protected land.
Costa Rica is also known for ecotourism and is one of 20 countries with the richest biodiversities in the world. Visitors can enjoy national parks, wildlife, cloud forests, beaches, tropical rain forests, volcanoes, and jungles.
Costa Rica的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
乙肝疫苗
There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country. Therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
黃熱病疫苗
A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers over 9 months of age, who are arriving from the following countries/territories: **Africa,** all countries/territories at risk for yellow fever transmission, plus Tanzania and Zambia; **Americas** with the exception of Panama, Argentina, and the specific areas of the following countries: **Colombia** : the entire country except Bogotá Barranquilla, Cali, Cartagena, Medellín and San Andrés Providencia; **Ecuador** : applies only to Morona-Santiago, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Sucumbíos, and Zamora-Chinchipe); **Paraguay** :the entire country except Asunción; **Peru** : the entire country except Lima, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Lambayeque, Machu Picchu, Ruta de los Incas, Piura, Tumbes **Trinidad and Tobago** ; the entire country except the urban areas of Port of Spain, and for travellers in transit or whose itineraries are limited to the island of Tobago.
傷寒疫苗
Unvaccinated travellers are at risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities, rural areas, or staying with friends and family.
Costa Rica的推薦藥物
對於一些旅行者
抗瘧藥
Anti-malaria medication is not recommended.
Costa Rica要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Dengue Fever
Dengue fever outbreaks occur in Costa Rica in the tropical and semi-tropical areas.
Hepatitis B
There is a risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Costa Rica.
Hepatitis A
There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Costa Rica through contaminated food or water. Infection can still occur at tourist destinations and resorts.
Chikungunya Fever
Chikungunya fever has occurred in this country.
對於一些旅行者
Malaria
Malaria is present in the provinces of Alajuela and Limón. In other regions of the country, transmission may be rare or nonexistent.
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis occurs mostly in rural areas in Costa Rica.
Typhoid Fever
Typhoid has occured in this country.The risk is higher when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.
Yellow Fever
There is no risk of yellow fever transmission. A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers over 9 months of age, who are arriving from the following countries/territories: **Africa,** all countries/territories at risk for yellow fever transmission, plus Tanzania and Zambia; **Americas** with the exception of Panama, Argentina, and the specific areas of the following countries: **Colombia** : the entire country except Bogotá Barranquilla, Cali, Cartagena, Medellín and San Andrés Providencia; **Ecuador** : applies only to Morona-Santiago, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Sucumbíos, and Zamora-Chinchipe); **Paraguay** :the entire country except Asunción; **Peru** : the entire country except Lima, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Lambayeque, Machu Picchu, Ruta de los Incas, Piura, Tumbes **Trinidad and Tobago** ; the entire country except the urban areas of Port of Spain, and for travellers in transit or whose itineraries are limited to the island of Tobago.
Chagas Disease
American trypanosomiasis (“Chagas disease”) may occur in Costa Rica. The risk of travellers acquiring this disease is low unless staying in very poor quality housing or camping.
Rabies
Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.
Zika Fever
There is transmission of the Zika virus in this country.
Costa Rica中的安全性
人身安全
扒竊和竊盜等輕微犯罪仍然是遊客面臨的主要風險,尤其是在擁擠的旅遊區、公車終點站和海灘。武裝搶劫時有發生,有時甚至在光天化日之下。若遇到武裝攻擊者,切勿反抗。據報道,租賃汽車被盜和偏遠度假租賃房屋入室盜竊的情況時有發生,竊賊有時會與短期租賃工作人員合作以確定入住率。騙子偶爾會假裝汽車故障或使用其他手段讓人們在鄉村道路上靠邊停車。如果遇到事故或可疑情況,請將車開到光線充足的人口稠密地區或警察局後再停車。一些沿海地區的犯罪組織現在比以前更猖獗。在旅遊旺季,護照竊盜很常見。 2023 年的兇殺率躍升至每 10 萬人 17.3 人,是有史以來暴力事件最多的一年,不過大多數暴力事件源於幫派之間的販毒糾紛,而不是對遊客的襲擊。 2024年的犯罪率略有改善,為每十萬人16.6起,但仍顯著偏高。針對遊客的暴力犯罪雖然不如竊盜常見,但也包括性侵犯、持械搶劫和偶爾發生的謀殺。由於販毒集團將哥斯大黎加作為交通樞紐,自2020年以來,與毒品有關的幫派暴力急劇增加。外國人不能參加政治示威活動,否則將面臨被拘留或驅逐出境的風險。每年都有數名遊客死於激流。大多數海灘缺乏救生員,也沒有危險情況的警示標誌。
極端暴力
哥斯大黎加的極端暴力事件主要源自於毒品販運和組織犯罪,而非恐怖主義或針對平民的大規模傷亡事件。 2023年,該國記錄了900多起兇殺案,其中74%至79%與犯罪集團之間的幫派戰爭和領土爭端有關。像「戈爾福家族」(Clan de Golfo)這樣的哥倫比亞販毒集團在南部活動,而像錫那羅亞和新一代(Nueva Generacion)這樣的墨西哥犯罪集團則控制著北部路線。當地幫派爭奪國內可卡因市場的控制權,隨著生產成本的下降,可卡因市場規模不斷擴大。大多數暴力事件發生在毒品市場集中的貧困社區,尤其是在聖荷西省和利蒙省。兇殺案通常使用槍枝實施,受害者主要是正在算帳的幫派成員。雖然極端暴力事件很少直接針對遊客,但遊客偶爾會遭遇武裝搶劫,也確實發生過針對外國人的謀殺和嚴重襲擊的孤立事件。犯罪集團日益猖獗的行徑引起了安全官員的擔憂。與一些鄰國不同,哥斯達黎加沒有發生過大規模槍擊、教堂襲擊或校園暴力事件。該國於1949年廢除了軍隊,也不存在試圖透過暴力破壞民主的有組織運動。然而,與歷史常態相比,毒品相關殺戮事件的急劇增加顯示該國安全狀況嚴重惡化。
政治動盪
哥斯達黎加經常發生示威和抗議活動,尤其是在聖荷西。抗議活動針對的是教育和醫療預算削減、緊縮措施、經濟不平等、匯率政策、政府腐敗。即使是和平示威也可能演變成暴力事件,並經常導致路障,使交通、燃料供應和公共交通中斷數小時或數天。在政府減少警察休息日後,2023 年的警察抗議活動封鎖了街道和通往機場的通道。法律禁止外國人參加政治活動或示威活動。違反法律可能導致拘留或驅逐出境。總統羅德里戈·查維斯對立法議會、最高選舉法庭和總檢察長等機構採取了對抗態度。他參加了 2025 年反對檢察官的示威活動,引發了人們對權力分立受到侵蝕的擔憂。政府和媒體之間的緊張關係升級,總統口頭攻擊記者並利用國家機構攻擊媒體所有者。哥斯大黎加的新聞自由排名從2022年的第8位下降到2024年的第26位。圍繞同性婚姻、墮胎、教育經費和社會支出削減等議題的政治兩極化加劇。 2020年,抗議者堵塞道路的行為被裁定違憲,引發了刑事訴訟,並有人聲稱抗議活動被定罪。該國歷史上沒有發生過武裝衝突或叛亂運動。政治暴力事件仍然罕見,但自2022年以來,體制壓力和社會動盪明顯加劇。
應避免的區域
聖荷西市中心入夜後變得十分危險,尤其是公園。請避開阿拉胡埃拉的 Los Guido、Desamparados、Pavas、La Carpio、Leon XIII 和 El Infiernillo 等街區。卡塔戈的 El Carmen 街區也存在風險。這些地區貧窮犯罪和幫派活動猖獗。應避開莫拉桑公園和德爾雷酒店附近的 Gringo Gulch 紅燈區。加勒比海沿岸的利蒙市是該國組織犯罪和販毒率最高的地區之一,其中 La Cieneguita 街區尤其危險。截至 2025 年中期,利蒙省共發生 115 起兇殺案。雖然卡維塔和波多維耶霍等旅遊區較為安全,但小偷小摸仍屢見不鮮。蓬塔雷納斯市有嚴重的幫派問題和毒品活動,但蓬塔雷納斯省除蓬塔雷納斯市以外的大部分地區相對安全。利蒙港是毒品的主要入境點,對毒販來說極具吸引力。沿海旅遊城鎮的犯罪率正在上升。 2023年,哈科記錄了279起針對遊客的犯罪案件,卡維塔194起,克波斯151起,巴伊亞巴耶納120起。塔馬林多、科瓦諾、拉福圖納和諾薩拉的犯罪率也有所上升,但這些地區仍然相對安全。聖卡洛斯的聖羅莎德波科索爾甚至報告了針對人道主義工作者的持刀威脅。與尼加拉瓜接壤的邊境地區面臨與移民相關的緊張局勢,應謹慎行事。偏遠地區和僻靜的海灘存在搶劫風險,尤其是在夜間或獨自一人時。