Uzbekistan
關於Uzbekistan
| 貨幣 | Uzbekistan som (UZS) |
| 語言 | Uzbek (official); Recognized regional language is Karakalpak |
| 資本金 | Tashkent |
The Republic of Uzbekistan is located in central Asia bordering Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan and coastline on the Aral Sea. The population is about 29 million people. The government is a presidential republic that is highly authoritarian with very little power outside the executive branch. A president is the chief of state and a prime minister is the head of government.
Uzbekistan was inhabited as far back as the Stone Age. The oldest and second-largest city is Samarkand, which was an important stop on Asian trading routes for more than 2500 years. In 1885, Russia annexed the regions then known as Turkestan. After the Russian Revolution in 1917, the country tried to establish a western-style democracy. However, in 1924, Soviets took over, and in 1925, the country was admitted to the Soviet Union. Uzbekistan gained independence in 1991.
The Uzbek government has begun a program for developing tourism, and Uzbekistan has potential to become a popular destination. Travellers will find ancient cities with interesting architecture, markets and bazaars, as well as UNESCO World Heritage Sites of Ichan Kala, the Historic Centre of Bukhara, the Historic Centre of Shakhrisyabz, and Samarkand Crossroads of Cultures.
Uzbekistan的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
乙肝疫苗
There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
卡介苗芽孢桿菌(BCG)疫苗
BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk from coming in close contact with infected persons or for unvaccinated, children under 16 years of age, who are going to live in Uzbekistan for more than 3 months.
麻疹,腮腺炎,風疹(MMR)疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for all travellers over 6 months of age.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) and who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
傷寒疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.
Uzbekistan的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對Uzbekistan的建議。
Uzbekistan要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis A
There is a risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Uzbekistan through contaminated food or water. Infection can still occur at tourist destinations and resorts.
Hepatitis B
There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Uzbekistan.
對於一些旅行者
Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever
There is a risk of acquiring Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in this country through specific insect, bug or tick bites or by coming in close contact with a person or animal infected with this disease. Travellers involved in activities like hiking, camping, working with animals, and visiting farms and forested areas are at a higher risk. There are no vaccinations (or medications) to prevent Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever.
Measles
There is a risk of Measles in this country, especially in infants aged 6 to 11 months.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis occurs in Uzbekistan. Travellers to Uzbekistan are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.
Typhoid Fever
Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Uzbekistan, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis occurs in this country.
Rabies
Rabies occurs in the Uzbekistan. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travelers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.
Uzbekistan中的安全性
人身安全
烏茲別克是中亞地區最安全的旅遊國家之一。針對外國人的暴力犯罪很少發生。在人流密集的地方,遭遇小偷小摸的風險更高。扒手事件時有發生,主要發生在旅遊熱點、集市、火車站和公共交通工具上,尤其是在塔什幹的 Chorsu 集市和地鐵。旅遊警察在塔什幹、撒馬爾罕和布哈拉等主要城市為遊客提供協助。該國在 2019 年全球獨自旅行者最安全國家排名中位列第五,在 2020 年蓋洛普法律與秩序指數中位列第九。自 2016 年以來,警察改革減少了腐敗。警察現在遵守 78 項新規定,旨在保護遊客,而不是勒索他們。您必須隨身攜帶護照,因為這是法律要求。警察經常進行證件檢查。一些犯罪者冒充警察搶劫。有關官員騷擾和勒索的報道仍然存在,儘管比以前少了。夜間旅行需要格外小心。大多數犯罪發生在天黑後。請避開光線昏暗的區域和無牌出租車。有些計程車沒有後座安全帶。與許多西方國家相比,獨自出行的女性報告的騷擾程度極低。應避免在政府大樓、機場、邊境檢查站、軍事設施、橋樑、警察局和地鐵站附近拍照。在社群媒體上發布批評政府或不尊重國家象徵的貼文可能會導致罰款或拘留。邊境地區需要特別注意。遠離阿富汗邊境5公里以內的地區。塔吉克和吉爾吉斯邊境地區的安全局勢仍然動盪,尤其是在費爾幹納谷地。這些地區可能埋有未標記的地雷。
極端暴力
恐怖主義仍然令人擔憂,但實際事件很少。 2021 年、2023 年或 2024 年,烏茲別克境內沒有發生恐怖攻擊。 2022 年,火箭彈從阿富汗發射到烏茲別克南部泰爾梅茲附近。伊斯蘭國呼羅珊省聲稱對此負責。該國境內最後一次重大襲擊發生在 2004 年,當時自殺式炸彈襲擊者針對塔什幹的美國和以色列大使館入口,造成保安人員死亡。歷史事件包括 2019 年的襲擊,當時在烏茲別克斯坦 - 塔吉克斯坦邊境的塔吉克安全檢查站發生武裝襲擊,造成 17 人死亡。 ISKP 聲稱對此負責。令人擔憂的主要恐怖組織是 ISIS-K、Katibat al Tawhid wal Jihad、烏茲別克伊斯蘭運動、Katibat al-Imam al-Bukhari、伊斯蘭聖戰聯盟和 Jamaat Ansarullah。政府仍然擔心阿富汗危機蔓延以及外國恐怖主義戰鬥人員從敘利亞和伊拉克的回流。當局已從衝突地區遣返數百名公民,並提供康復計劃。與阿富汗的邊境安全戒備森嚴。自2021年塔利班接管以來,陸地邊界一直處於關閉狀態,並設立了多個軍事檢查站以阻止走私和非法越境。您應該避免參加示威活動和大型集會。雖然抗議活動很少發生,尤其是在塔什幹,但過去警方與抗議者之間的衝突曾造成人員死亡。安全部隊在任何公眾集會上都保持著強大的存在。
政治動盪
烏茲別克的政治動盪並不常見,但也發生過重大事件。最近最嚴重的事件是2022年7月卡拉卡爾帕克斯坦地區因擬議的憲法修正案而爆發的抗議活動。官方數據顯示至少18人死亡,但反對派人士聲稱死亡人數更多。政府宣布進入緊急狀態並實施網路封鎖。至少有22人因參與其中被判處3至16年不等的監禁。當局繼續起訴與這些事件有關的活動人士和僑民。 2020年,塔什幹週邊地區爆發了抗議活動,抗議政府對待窮人的方式以及拆除房屋和清真寺。這些抗議活動被安全部隊鎮壓。卡拉卡爾帕克斯坦自治區仍然很敏感。政府於2024年禁止反對派組織「卡拉卡爾帕克斯坦聯盟」為極端主義組織,並起訴那些主張獨立的人。烏茲別克的政治體制仍然是專制的。政府限制言論和集會自由。部落客和記者因批評官員或報道敏感話題而面臨起訴。侮辱總統將面臨刑事處罰,包括監禁。示威活動需要官方許可,並可能引來大批安保人員。過去的示威活動曾以大規模逮捕告終。您應該避免參加所有抗議活動和大型公眾集會。關注當地媒體並聽取當地政府的建議。出於安全考慮,政府有時會限制前往某些地區的旅行。
應避免的區域
您必須避開與阿富汗接壤的邊境地區,特別是邊境 5 公里以內的地區。該地區安全局勢動盪,恐怖主義風險持續存在。陸地邊界自 2021 年起關閉。 2022 年,從阿富汗發射的火箭襲擊了鐵爾梅茲。在塔吉克和吉爾吉斯接壤地區,特別是費爾幹納谷地西部、連接拉瓦特過境點和索河的公路以南,要高度警覺。這些山區邊境地區偶爾會發生武裝衝突。儘管正在努力清理雷區,但塔吉克和吉爾吉斯接壤地區可能仍然存在標記和未標記的雷區。切勿靠近未經授權的過境點。安集延和費爾幹納谷地東部地區經常發生示威和暴力抗議活動。這些地區的安全局勢仍然動盪。烏茲別克斯坦西北部的自治區卡拉卡爾帕克斯坦在 2022 年發生了致命的抗議活動。雖然局勢已經平靜下來,但緊張局勢依然存在。該地區地處偏遠,基礎建設欠缺發展。您應該採取常規預防措施。參觀塔什幹的Chorsu Bazaar時,請警惕專門在擁擠區域針對遊客的扒手。樓上對女性可能不太友善。天黑後,請避開所有城市中光線昏暗或人跡罕至的區域,尤其是在旅遊區以外。由於基礎設施薄弱、燃料供應有限以及道路狀況不佳,農村地區需要格外小心。