United Kingdom - Wales
關於United Kingdom - Wales
| 貨幣 | Pound sterling (GBP) |
| 語言 | English and welsh |
| 資本金 | Cardiff |
Wales is one of four countries of the United Kingdom, bordering England to the east and with coastline on the Irish Sea and the Bristol Channel. Wales has been inhabited by humans for thousands of years. Romans occupied Wales for about 300 years beginning about AD48 followed by Anglo-Saxons. In 1284, Wales was annexed by England but remained separate with independent kingdoms. In 1536 with the Act of Union, Wales became a legal integral part of the kingdom of England.
The government of the UK is a parliamentary constitutional monarchy with a queen as chief of state and a prime minister as head of government. The parliament consists of the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The local government of Wales includes a first minister and the National Assembly which is responsible for economic planning and development, health, education, transportation, and tourism.
Prior to World War I, Wales was known for the mining and export of coal and was one of the world’s leading industrial areas. The Welsh economy suffered during the Great Depression and the coal and steel industries collapsed in the late 20th century. By the end of the 20th century, the Welsh economy became diversified with tourism as a strong sector. Tourist attractions include castles and museums, national parks, beautiful scenery, and variety of outdoor sports.
United Kingdom - Wales的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
乙肝疫苗
Hepatitis B vaccine is often recommended for travellers to this country.
對於一些旅行者
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a low risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, however, the vaccination is recommended.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers whose activities or employment may bring them into direct contact with wild animals or bats (i.e. adventure travellers, veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers, etc.).
ick蟲腦炎疫苗
Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is recommended if travelling where contact with ticks might occur (camping, hiking, outdoor activities) during early spring to late autumn.
脊髓灰質炎疫苗
NathNAC recommends that all travellers complete a polio vaccination course according to the UK schedule or their national programme.
麻疹,腮腺炎,風疹(MMR)疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
United Kingdom - Wales的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對United Kingdom - Wales的建議。
United Kingdom - Wales要注意的疾病
對於一些旅行者
Measles
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
Tuberculosis
Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the healthcare field, or having close prolonged contact with an infected person.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Tick-Borne Encephalitis
There is a risk of Tick-Borne Encephalitis in some areas of this country. The transmission season varies, however, ticks are most active during early spring to late autumn.
Polio
The United Kingdom reported circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) detected in environmental (sewage) samples in London in May 2022. All travellers should take care with personal and food hygeine.
Rabies
Rabies has not been reported in the United Kingdom and is considered a low risk for travellers, However, it may occur in bats.
Hepatitis A
There is a low risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country.
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B occurs in this country.
United Kingdom - Wales中的安全性
人身安全
與英國其他地區相比,威爾斯的犯罪率相對較低。 2023 年,犯罪率仍比疫情前低 25%。 2022 年至 2023 年間,小偷小摸和商店行竊顯著上升了 39%,可能與生活成本壓力有關。 2024 年,暴力犯罪與前一年相比下降了 3%。在此期間,搶奪案件增加了一倍以上。恐怖主義威脅與英國的整體情況一致,主要涉及在傳統網絡之外活動的個人或小團體。 2021 年至 2022 年間,威爾斯的仇恨犯罪事件增加了 35%,其中性取向仇恨犯罪增加了 50%,跨性別相關事件增加了 43%。 2024 年 8 月,威爾斯幾個城市經歷了與極右翼活動和與全國動亂有關的反抗議活動相關的緊張局勢加劇。與中東衝突有關的抗議活動在卡迪夫和斯旺西頻繁發生。北威爾斯成為犯罪受害者的可能性是英格蘭和威爾斯中最低的。
極端暴力
與國際標準相比,威爾斯的極端暴力事件發生率較低。截至 2025 年 3 月,刀具犯罪下降了 1%。戴菲德-波伊斯警察局記錄的刀具犯罪率是威爾斯最低的,每 10 萬人口中僅 29 起。截至 2025 年 3 月,40% 的兇殺案使用了利器,低於前一年的 46%。在所有警方記錄的犯罪案件中,約有 0.2% 涉及槍支。恐怖主義威脅等級與英國的整體評估一致。有組織的恐怖組織的威脅仍在繼續,但最近的趨勢表明,在傳統網絡之外行動的個人或小團體構成了更大的挑戰。這使得潛在威脅更難預測和識別。近年來,威爾斯沒有發生過重大恐怖事件,但仍需保持警惕。威爾斯反恐警察部門與威爾斯所有四個警察部隊合作,應對國內和國際恐怖主義威脅。
政治動盪
威爾斯經常發生政治抗議活動,尤其是在卡迪夫和斯旺西。自 2023 年底以來,每週都會舉行與中東衝突有關的抗議活動。大多數抗議活動在警方的協助下和平進行。南威爾斯警方部署了特別警務聯絡官與抗議者接觸,確保示威活動合法和平。 2022 年 6 月至 2024 年 3 月期間,南威爾斯警方根據加強立法動用了一次抗議管理權。 2024 年 8 月,一些威爾斯城市在全國性事件之後因極右翼活動而陷入混亂,但大多數計劃中的抗議活動要么沒有實現,要么仍處於控制之中。包括「反對種族主義」在內的團體同時發起了反抗議活動。 2024 年末和 2025 年初,農民就遺產稅變化舉行了抗議活動,其中包括霍利黑德和其他地方的拖拉機車隊造成的暫時混亂。環境抗議活動也曾發生,但頻率低於英格蘭。 2022年和2023年出台的《公共秩序法》賦予警方更大權力,使其能夠更好地干預擾亂秩序的抗議活動,儘管在威爾士,警方的干預措施很少。威爾斯的大多數示威活動保持和平,對日常活動的影響極小。
應避免的區域
北威爾斯的里爾 (Rhyl) 是威爾斯犯罪率最高的地區,每 1,000 名居民發生 192.4 起犯罪,暴力和反社會行為是主要問題。首都卡迪夫的犯罪率較高,每 1,000 人發生 118 起犯罪,比威爾斯平均高出 41%。在卡迪夫,某些街區需要額外注意。亞當斯當 (Adamsdown) 的暴力犯罪和反社會行為水準很高。河濱 (Riverside) 的犯罪率較高,暴力、公共秩序破壞和刑事破壞很常見。布特敦 (Butetown) 的犯罪率高於平均水平,包括暴力和入室盜竊。斯普洛特 (Splott) 的搶劫和暴力犯罪事件增多。卡迪夫市中心白天安全,但夜間變得更加危險,尤其是在聖瑪麗街附近。卡西斯 (Cathays) 是許多學生的家,尤其是在學期期間,盜竊、入室盜竊和反社會行為頻繁。在斯旺西,市中心的犯罪率很高。紐波特的斯託山 (Stow Hill) 地區犯罪率很高。威爾斯大部分鄉村和沿海地區的犯罪率較低。北威爾斯的犯罪率在英格蘭和威爾斯中屬於最低水準。旅遊景點、國家公園和小城鎮通常安全隱患較少。