Burkina Faso
關於Burkina Faso
| 貨幣 | West African CFA franc (XOF) |
| 語言 | French; Recognized regional languages are Mòoré, Mandinka, and Bambara |
| 資本金 | Ouagadougou |
Burkina Faso is located in Western Africa, north of Ghana, and also bordering with the countries of Benin, Mali, Niger, Cote d’Ivoire, and Togo. Until 1984, Burkina Faso was known as Upper Volta, named for the three branches of the Volta River that run through the country. The population is approximately 18 million people. The government is a parliamentary republic with a president as chief of state and prime minister as head of government.
Burkina Faso gained independence from France in 1960. During the 1970s and 80s, the country underwent multiple military coups. The country is one of the poorest in the world, and the economy and people suffer from droughts and hunger. There are few natural resources.
Travellers to Burkina Faso can visit the wildlife reserves of Mole, Waza, and Pandjari. At the Nazinga Reserve, there are crocodiles, monkeys, warthogs, antelopes, elephants, and many varieties of birds. Other sites to visit are Nahouri Peak and the Voodoo Trail.
Burkina Faso的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
乙肝疫苗
There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
傷寒疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.
腦膜炎疫苗
Because this country is located in the sub-Saharan meningitis belt, vaccination against meningitis is recommended if travelling during the dry season (December to June).
黃熱病疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to yellow fever in this country. Proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for all travellers aged 9 months or over.
霍亂疫苗
The U.K. NaTHNaC recommends the oral cholera vaccine for some travellers whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk, travelling to areas of active cholera transmission. These risk factors include: aid workers; those going to areas of cholera outbreaks who have limited access to potable water and medical care; travellers for whom the vaccination would be considered potentially beneficial, such as chronic medical conditions.
狂犬病疫苗
Pre-travel vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Persons with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
Burkina Faso的推薦藥物
對於一些旅行者
抗瘧藥
Recommended anti-malaria medications includes atovaquone-proguanil, mefloquine or doxycycline. Resistance to chloroquine and sufadoxime-pyrimethamine has been reported.
Burkina Faso要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis B
There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Burkina Faso.
Hepatitis A
There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Burkina Faso through contaminated food or water.
Cholera
Cholera outbreaks occur in Burkina Faso. The risk to travellers is low unless living or working in poor sanitary conditions, drinking untreated water or eating poorly cooked or raw seafood in this country
Dengue Fever
Outbreaks of dengue fever may occur.
Chikungunya Fever
Outbreaks of chikungunya fever may occur.
對於一些旅行者
Malaria
All areas of Burkina Faso are at risk for malaria.
Schistosomiasis
**There is a risk of schistosomiasis in this country.**
African Tick Bite Fever
Sporadic cases of this disease are reported in this country.
Typhoid Fever
Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Burkina Faso, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.
Rabies
Rabies occurs in Burkina Faso.
Meningitis
Meningitis outbreaks may occur in Burkina Faso. Travellers who visit during the dry season (December to June) or expect to have prolonged contact with the local population are especially at risk.
Yellow Fever
There is a risk of exposure to yellow fever in this country. Proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for all travellers aged 9 months or over.
Zika Fever
Zika fever can occur in this country.
Burkina Faso中的安全性
人身安全
布吉納法索面臨嚴峻的安全挑戰,直接影響人身安全。扒手、搶錢包和竊盜等街頭犯罪在城市地區十分常見,尤其是在市場和人群密集的地方。瓦加杜古的聯合國圈和前中央市場地區機會性竊盜案尤其猖獗。暴力犯罪仍然存在,但不如小偷小摸普遍,不過瓦加杜古和博博迪烏拉索地區都有攻擊和搶劫事件發生。夜間是所有地區安全風險的高峰期。恐怖主義威脅全國十分嚴峻。光是2023年,就有超過7,600人死於與衝突相關的暴力事件,包括「支持伊斯蘭運動」(JNIM)和「伊斯蘭國薩赫勒」組織在內的武裝團體頻繁襲擊安全部隊和平民。恐怖分子將酒店、餐廳、市場、宗教場所和政府設施等公共場所作為攻擊目標。綁架在全國範圍內構成持續威脅,尤其是在薩赫勒地區和東部地區,外國人被視為特定目標。城際公路上的公路搶劫行為仍在繼續,儘管與前幾年相比有所減少。針對外國人的商業詐騙活動盛行,尤其涉及要求預付款的黃金和古董交易。
極端暴力
布吉納法索連續第二年在全球恐怖主義指數中位居第一,佔全球恐怖主義死亡人數的五分之一。 2024 年暴力事件造成 7,522 人死亡,光是 2025 年第一季就有 1,654 人死亡。在布吉納法索活動的兩個主要恐怖組織是隸屬於蓋達組織的 JNIM 和 ISIS-Sahel。這兩個組織都在全國發動攻擊,暴力活動向南擴展到與貝南、多哥、加納和科特迪瓦接壤的邊境。攻擊目標是安全部隊、平民、政府設施、學校、醫療中心以及關鍵基礎設施,包括手機訊號塔、供水和橋樑。攻擊手段包括簡易爆炸裝置、伏擊、定點清除和大規模殺戮。武裝團體控制著該國約 40% 到 50% 的領土。他們圍攻了許多城鎮,切斷了居民的糧食和人道援助。 2024 年 8 月的巴薩洛戈襲擊事件造成至少 133 名平民死亡。 5000 多所學校因暴力事件關閉,80 多萬名兒童受到影響。 424 多家醫療機構關閉,400 多萬人無法獲得醫療服務。自 2016 年以來,衝突已導致 200 多萬人流離失所,造成了嚴重的人道危機。政府安全部隊和親政府的保衛祖國志願民兵被指控在反叛亂行動中犯下嚴重暴行。 2024 年 2 月,軍隊在 Nondin 和 Soro 村立即處決了至少 223 名平民,其中包括 56 名兒童。 2025 年 3 月,軍隊領導並參與了在 Boucle du Mouhoun 地區對 130 多名富拉尼平民的屠殺。這些大屠殺可能構成危害人類罪。 2024 年 1 月至 8 月期間,武裝團體在 259 次襲擊中殺害了 1,004 名平民,而軍隊和 VDP 部隊在同一時期殺害了至少 1,000 名平民。
政治動盪
布吉納法索在 2022 年經歷了兩次軍事政變。 2022 年 1 月,軍隊以無法控制不斷惡化的安全局勢為由推翻了總統羅克·卡博雷。 2022 年 9 月,易卜拉欣·特拉奧雷上尉從第一位政變領導人手中奪取了權力。該國由軍政府統治,沒有民選政府。原定於 2024 年 7 月舉行的選舉被無限期推遲。 2024 年 5 月,軍政府宣布將再執政五年。自 2022 年 9 月起,政黨活動已暫停。由 71 名成員組成的過渡立法議會未經選舉產生,軍政府主要透過法令進行統治。八個地區以及特定省份仍處於緊急狀態:薩赫勒、東部、中東部、中北部、北部、布克萊迪穆翁、上盆地和喀斯喀特。在緊急狀態下,安全部隊的搜查、限制行動和拘留個人的權力都擴大了。包括抗議和舉行大型集會在內的公民權利可能會被暫停。抗議活動在布吉納法索很常見,並可能迅速演變成暴力事件。在先前的示威活動中,外國政府設施曾成為攻擊目標並遭到破壞。 2025年1月,布吉納法索與馬利和尼日一起退出西非國家經濟共同體,成立了薩赫勒國家聯盟。軍政府鎮壓媒體和異議人士。記者、活動人士和反對派成員都收到了死亡威脅和恐嚇。政府使用徵兵作為對批評者的懲罰。官員貪腐猖獗,軍政府利用貪腐指控打擊批評政權的人。政治局勢仍然極不穩定,仍有可能進一步的政變。 2023年9月發生了一次未遂政變,不排除再次政變的可能性。
應避免的區域
大多數外國政府建議不要前往布吉納法索。該國整個國家都面臨重大安全威脅,但某些地區極度危險。薩赫勒地區和東部地區的恐怖主義和綁架威脅程度最高。這些地區襲擊頻繁,武裝團體活動頻繁。與馬利和尼日爾接壤的北部省份極為危險。布克萊杜穆翁地區與馬利接壤的邊境地區恐怖活動猖獗。東部地區靠近尼日爾邊境,經常發生攻擊,武裝團體活動頻繁。近年來,與貝南、多哥、加納和科特迪瓦接壤的南部邊境地區衝突不斷升級,恐怖組織日益活躍。武裝團體控制布吉納法索高達50%的領土,尤其是在北部、東部和部分西部地區。吉博、塞巴和蒂陶等許多城鎮已被武裝團體圍困,民眾的物資和援助中斷。即使在首都瓦加杜古,某些街區的風險也很高。第11區的巴爾庫伊(Balkuyi)和拉永戈(Rayongo)街區犯罪率高,夜間出行尤其不便。聯合國圈和瓦加杜古前中央市場附近地區的街頭犯罪和竊盜案頻傳。全國各地的城際交通都存在相當大的危險。市中心以外的道路面臨土匪襲擊、簡易爆炸裝置和恐怖分子伏擊的風險。出於安全考慮,美國政府僱員被禁止前往首都以外的地方。礦區是潛在的攻擊目標。一些禮拜場所和學校也遭到武裝團體的攻擊。布吉納法索全國的安全局勢可能在毫無預警的情況下迅速惡化。