Latvia
關於Latvia
| 貨幣 | Euro (EUR) |
| 語言 | Latvian, with Russian widely spoken |
| 資本金 | Riga |
The Republic of Latvia is a small country bordering the Baltic Sea in Eastern Europe. Latvia shares borders with Estonia, Russia, Lithuania, and Belarus. The government is a parliamentary republic, and its 2.2 million people are led by a president serving as head of state and a prime minister serving as head of government. Members of Latvia’s parliament, the Saeima, are elected by direct vote every four years, and the Saeima subsequently elects the president.
Latvia was founded in November 1918, following a two-century period in which it was part of the Russian Empire. This period of independence was interrupted in 1940 when Latvia was forcibly occupied by the Soviet Union. Except for a brief period of German occupation between 1941 and 1944, Latvia remained a part of the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991. Latvia subsequently joined NATO and the European Union in 2004 and the Eurozone in 2014. Today, Latvia’s economy is open, and the majority of companies, banks, and real estate entities have been privatized.
The capital city of Riga has successfully transitioned from the Soviet era and offers visitors the opportunity to explore the largest collection of art nouveau buildings in the world. Riga has an active nightlife, but travellers looking for a more relaxed pace could visit the town of Sigulda to explore its castles and beer halls. During the summer, the resorts on the Baltic coast offer the opportunity to relax, while nature lovers may prefer a trip to Gauja National Park to the east.
Latvia的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
乙肝疫苗
There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗
BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk from coming in close contact with infected persons or for unvaccinated people, children under 16 years of age, who are going to live in the country for more than 3 months.
ick蟲腦炎疫苗
Travellers who plan to visit Latvia, especially the province of Kurzeme, during early spring to late autumn and hike or camp in rural or forested areas that provide a habitat for the ticks that carry the virus should consider obtaining this vaccine.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) and who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
Latvia的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對Latvia的建議。
Latvia要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis A
There is a risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Latvia through contaminated food or water.
Hepatitis B
There is a risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Latvia.
對於一些旅行者
Measles
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis occurs in Latvia. Travellers to Latvia are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.
Rabies
Rabies occurs in Latvia. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.
Tick-Borne Encephalitis
**There is a risk of Tick-borne Encephalitis in all areas of this country. The main affected areas are in the province of Kurzeme. The transmission season varies, however, ticks are most active during early spring to late autumn.**
Latvia中的安全性
人身安全
拉脫維亞是歐洲最安全的旅遊國家之一。針對遊客的暴力犯罪仍然很少見，2024年全球和平指數顯示，拉脫維亞在全球163個國家中排名第27位。扒手等小偷小摸主要發生在人流密集的旅遊景點，尤其是在裡加老城區、中央市場以及主要火車站和汽車站周圍。竊賊通常結夥犯案。請妥善保管行李，避免展示貴重物品。據報道，一些酒吧和夜總會向遊客大幅超額收費，有時還會使用恐嚇手段強制付款。點酒前務必核對價格，避免跟隨陌生人進入不熟悉的場所。有些地方會發生信用卡詐騙，尤其是在深夜。交易時請將卡片放在顯眼處，切勿在空白收據上簽名。銀行內的ATM比街上的自動櫃員機更安全。據報道，酒吧和夜總會內有飲料下藥的現象。切勿將飲料無人看管。自行車失竊案時有發生，因此請務必妥善鎖好自行車。進入與白俄羅斯接壤的2公里邊境地區需要特別許可。自 2015 年以來，整體犯罪率下降，2020 年至 2024 年間街頭犯罪率下降了 15%。
極端暴力
拉脫維亞維持較低的恐怖主義威脅等級，近期沒有發生攻擊事件。儘管歐洲安全部門注意到整個大陸都存在恐怖主義風險，但拉脫維亞面臨的直接威脅極小。 2022 年，拉脫維亞的兇殺率為每 10 萬人 4.05 起，為 2014 年以來的最低水平，低於 2021 年的 5.18 起。這一比率仍然是歐盟最高的，但低於全球平均 6.2。針對遊客的暴力犯罪很少發生。該國確實面臨著涉及毒品販運的有組織犯罪網絡的問題，特別是合成毒品和消費稅詐欺。與波羅的海和俄羅斯有聯繫的東歐犯罪集團從事洗錢、大麻、古柯鹼和人口販運以剝削勞動力的活動。然而，這些活動很少影響遊客。家庭暴力是一個嚴重問題，拉脫維亞記錄的女性兇殺案受害者比例是歐盟最高的，為 60%，而歐盟平均為 37%。拉脫維亞2024年共記錄了67起謀殺案受害者，其中8起涉及槍枝。警方嚴格執行毒品持有法，判處長期監禁和高額罰款。政府設立了公共預警系統，以應對恐怖主義威脅。酒吧鬥毆有時會演變成暴力事件，尤其是涉及醉酒顧客的鬥毆。
政治動盪
拉脫維亞政治環境穩定，權力交接和平。 2023年，該國選出了首位公開同性戀身分的國家元首，創造了歐盟歷史。示威活動偶有發生，通常與經濟問題、勞資糾紛或具有政治意義的日期有關。最近的抗議活動主要集中在教師薪資、與《伊斯坦堡公約》相關的家庭暴力保護以及聲援面臨政治危機的鄰國。拉脫維亞人歷來會參加大型紀念活動，例如每年的獨立運動紀念活動，但這些活動基本上保持和平。 2024年，發生了幾起針對政府政策的小規模抗議活動，包括關於國防徵兵和民事結合立法的辯論。政府允許集會自由。警察在公眾集會處維持秩序。裡加自由紀念碑周圍的抗議活動通常會持續幾個小時，但會提前通知。示威期間可能會出現交通中斷。俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭後，拉脫維亞大力支持烏克蘭，並於2022年初在俄羅斯大使館前舉行每日抗議活動。拉脫維亞也對格魯吉亞官員實施了製裁，此前該國鎮壓了抗議者。整體而言，拉脫維亞仍然沒有發生政治暴力事件，公民社會也公開運作。遊客應避開發生示威活動的地區，並關注當地媒體以獲取計劃集會的最新資訊。
應避免的區域
拉脫維亞沒有完全禁止進入的區域，但某些街區需要加強防範。裡加莫斯科區（Maskavas forštate）的輕微犯罪率與其他地區相比略有上升，但自2020年以來情況有所改善。肯加拉格斯街區的犯罪率也略高。這兩個地區的暴力犯罪率都很低，竊盜是主要問題。天黑後，在裡加中央火車站附近，旅客應警惕扒手和偶爾出現的醉酒者。中央市場地區是竊賊的聚集地，他們會專門針對心不在焉的購物者。這些地方在白天只要採取基本預防措施即可控制。農村地區面臨不同的挑戰。有些小路維護不善，缺乏適當的照明。偏遠地區的緊急服務可能有限。沿著白俄羅斯邊境的2公里區域限制通行，需要拉脫維亞邊境警衛隊的特別許可。 Silene-Urbani公路口岸仍關閉，其他檢查站可能會在短時間內實施限制措施。裡加老城區存在旅遊詐騙，尤其是在夜間。有些機構會採取激進手段向遊客收取過高的費用。公園和通往大型酒店的路線可能會吸引伺機而動的小偷。總體而言，拉脫維亞沒有危險的貧民窟或人身安全面臨嚴重威脅的社區。犯罪在全國範圍內分佈相對均勻。大多數地區在具備一定的城市安全意識的情況下，遊客可以安全地遊覽。
