Tuvalu
關於Tuvalu
| 貨幣 | Australian dollar, Tuvaluan dollar (AUD, TVD) |
| 語言 | Tuvaluan (official); English (official) |
| 資本金 | Funafuti |
Tuvalu is located in the South Pacific Ocean, about halfway between Hawaii and Australia. This groups of islands consists of nine coral atolls with a total area of about 26 square kilometers (10 square miles) and a population of about 11,000 people (July 2017).
Tuvalu was formerly known as the Ellice Islands within the British colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands. In 1974, due to ethnic disagreements, the citizens of Ellice Islands voted to separate from the Gilbert Islands and became a separate British colony. In 1978, the islands gained independence.
The government of Tuvalu is a parliamentary democracy. The British monarch is the head of state and is represented by a governor-general. A prime minister is the head of government.
Tuvalu is isolated with few natural resources and almost completely dependent on imports. Tuvaluans are primarily involved in traditional agriculture (taro and copra for extracting coconut oil) and fishing. Ownership of the internet country code top-level domain generates approximately US $2.2 million each year from royalties that contribute approximately 10 percent of the country’s total revenue.
Due to the country’s remoteness, tourism does not contribute significantly to the economy. The main island of Funafuti has the only airport in Tuvalu. Ecotourism is growing. The Funafuti Marine Conservation Area is home to numerous tropical fish, seabirds and turtles. Access is by private or chartered boat. Privately–owned boats are available for hire, and trips can be made to the many beautiful uninhabited islets in the Funafuti atoll.
Tuvalu的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to hepatitis A in this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
乙肝疫苗
There is a risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗
BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk from coming in close contact with infected persons or for unvaccinated, children under 16 years of age, who are going to live in the country for more than 3 months.
麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies may be considered for travellers whose activities or employment may bring them into direct contact with bats (i.e. adventure travellers, veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers, etc.).
傷寒疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities, rural areas, or staying with friends and family.
Tuvalu的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對Tuvalu的建議。
Tuvalu要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis A
There is a risk of exposure to hepatitis A virus in this country through contaminated food or water.
Hepatitis B
There is a risk for acquiring hepatitis B in this country.
Dengue Fever
Dengue fever may occur in this country.
對於一些旅行者
Measles
There is a risk of acquiring Measles in this country.
Chikungunya Fever
There is a risk of acquiring Chikungunya in this country.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Tuberculosis
Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the healthcare field, or having close prolonged contact with a sick person.
Typhoid Fever
Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in this country, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where water and food may not be safe.
Rabies
The risk of acquiring Rabies is low. However, it may be present in bats, but has not been reported in domestic animals in this country. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) may be at risk.
Tuvalu中的安全性
人身安全
圖瓦盧是世界上最安全的旅遊國家之一。暴力犯罪幾乎不存在，即使發生，也通常與酗酒和家庭糾紛有關。竊盜等輕微犯罪極為罕見，但偶爾也會發生，尤其是在人流密集的地區或首都富納富提的當地活動中。自1978年以來，該國僅發生過兩起謀殺案。吸毒和販毒現象幾乎不存在。人口稀少、島嶼社區緊密團結，造就了極低的犯罪率。儘管如此，圖瓦盧是一個保守的基督教社會，尊重當地習俗至關重要。由於旅遊基礎設施有限，您需要提前規劃並攜帶足夠的澳元現金，因為這裡沒有自動櫃員機，也不接受銀行卡。
極端暴力
吐瓦魯的暴力犯罪率極低。該國幾乎不存在任何形式的暴力事件。即使發生暴力事件，通常也與家庭糾紛和酗酒有關。約1.1萬人口的稀少人口和緊密的社區聯繫造就瞭如此和平的環境。儘管警方曾接獲家庭暴力案件的舉報，某些年份甚至高達93-100起，但針對遊客或訪客的暴力犯罪幾乎為零。警方設有家庭暴力部門，並採取不放棄起訴的政策。圖瓦盧不存在恐怖主義威脅，也從未發生過恐怖事件。有組織犯罪在圖瓦盧沒有立足之地。國家警察不攜帶槍枝。遊客可以享受一個遠離搶劫、攻擊或其他暴力衝突的環境。
政治動盪
圖瓦盧維持穩定的民主制度，定期舉行自由選舉。該國實行議會民主制，君主立憲制。政治示威活動很少發生，民間騷亂也不是重大問題。雖然偶爾會發生憲法糾紛和針對總理的不信任投票，但這些問題都透過合法管道解決，沒有發生暴力事件，也沒有擾亂日常生活。 2012-2013 年的憲法危機導致補選延遲以及總理和總督之間的糾紛，但最終和平解決。 2023 年通過的憲法修正案現在限制在議會任期的第一年和最後一年進行不信任投票。儘管一些官員面臨腐敗指控，但腐敗現象相對有限。該國沒有發生過影響遊客的抗議或罷工。儘管面臨氣候變遷和海平面上升的生存威脅，但政治仍保持穩定。
應避免的區域
圖瓦盧沒有特別需要遊客避開的危險區域。首都富納富提晝夜安全。主要的危險來自環境而非安全。不建議在富納富提潟湖游泳，因為那裡污染嚴重。吐瓦魯環礁外岸的海流和激流非常強勁，游泳十分危險。珊瑚礁可能會導致割傷和擦傷。強勁的洋流對從事水上活動的遊客構成最大的人身風險。圖瓦盧平均海拔僅兩米，11月至5月期間面臨熱帶氣旋的威脅，偶爾會有可能導致沿海洪災的大潮。所有島嶼的旅遊設施都極為有限。醫療設施簡陋，富納富提只有一間大型醫院。外島的基礎設施和服務有限。
