Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

乙肝疫苗

There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

甲型肝炎疫苗

There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

對於一些旅行者

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.

黃熱病疫苗

There is no risk of yellow fever transmission in this country. However, a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers 1 year of age and older arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.

卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗

BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk from coming in close contact with infected persons or for unvaccinated, children under 16 years of age, who are going to live in the country for more than 3 months.

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.

日本腦炎疫苗

Short-term travellers and those who restrict their visits to urban areas are at very low risk. Those at higher risk are travellers who visit or work in rural agricultural areas such as rice fields and marshland. Long-term travellers and expatriates are also at higher risk. Vaccination is recommended for persons at higher risk.

霍亂疫苗

The U.K. NaTHNaC recommends the oral cholera vaccine for some travellers whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk, travelling to areas of active cholera transmission. These risk factors include: aid workers; those going to areas of cholera outbreaks who have limited access to potable water and medical care; travellers for whom the vaccination would be considered potentially beneficial, such as chronic medical conditions.

狂犬病疫苗

Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.

Papua New Guinea的推薦藥物

對於一些旅行者

抗瘧藥

Rrecommended anti-malaria medication for areas where malaria is a risk is doxycycline, mefloquine or atovaquone/proguanil. Chloroquine resistance is widespread.

Papua New Guinea要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Hepatitis A

There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Papua New Guinea through contaminated food or water.

Hepatitis B

There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Papua New Guinea.

Cholera

Cholera outbreaks occur in Papua New Guinea. The risk to travellers is low unless living or working in poor sanitary conditions, drinking untreated water or eating poorly cooked or raw seafood in this country.

Dengue Fever

Outbreaks of dengue fever may occur.

Chikungunya Fever

Outbreaks of chikungunya fever may occur.

對於一些旅行者

Measles

There is a risk of acquiring Measles in this country.

Yellow Fever

There is no risk of yellow fever transmission in this country. However, a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers 1 year of age and older arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.

Ross River Fever

Ross River virus disease may occur in this country.

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.

Japanese encephalitis

All areas are affected. There is increased risk of infection in rural areas. The transmission season may be year- round.

Malaria

There is a high risk of Malaria in Papua New Guinea below 1,800 meters.

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis occurs in Papua New Guinea. Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the healthcare field, or having close prolonged contact with a sick person.

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Papua New Guinea, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Zika Fever

There is transmission of the Zika virus in this country.

Rabies

Rabies may occur in Papua New Guinea. Most travellers are considered to be at low risk. However, bats may carry bat lyssavirus (bat rabies). Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with animals that carry the virus. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

Papua New Guinea中的安全性

人身安全

巴布亞紐幾內亞是全球犯罪率最高的國家之一。莫爾茲比港、萊城和芒特哈根麵臨的犯罪問題尤其嚴重，包括武裝搶劫、劫車、性侵、入室搶劫和暴力竊盜。 「拉斯科」幫派使用砍刀和槍枝在城市地區活動。 2024年1月，莫爾茲比港因警察薪資糾紛引發騷亂，造成至少22人死亡，此前多座城市發生了搶劫事件。警力資源極為有限，每1,845名公民配備一名警員，遠低於聯合國建議的每450名公民配備一名警員的標準。執法部門貪腐現象普遍存在，96%的巴布亞紐幾內亞人認為政府貪腐現象嚴重。劫車事件頻傳，犯罪者會設置路障攔截車輛。公共汽車（PMV）和計程車不適合上路行駛，經常成為搶劫和襲擊的目標。天黑後步行或開車都存在很高的風險。有組織犯罪集團在偏遠地區和礦區附近進行綁架勒索贖金，目標是外國人。 2022年和2023年，已有數名外國人被綁架。城市中的非法居住區極為危險，應盡量避免。聖誕節期間，暴力犯罪增加。由於警方保護不足，大多數企業和住宅都僱用了私人保全。

極端暴力

部落戰爭在巴布亞紐幾內亞各地普遍存在，尤其是在高地地區。由於包括 M16 和 AR15 在內的自動武器從警察和國防庫存中洩露，這些衝突變得越來越致命。據估計，該國有 5 萬支非法槍支流通。 2024 年 2 月，恩加省的部落戰鬥在一次衝突中造成至少 49 人死亡。同年早些時候，恩加省的部落暴力事件造成 60 人死亡。 2024 年 7 月，東塞皮克省有 26 人喪生，其中包括 16 名婦女和兒童。 2024 年 9 月，波格拉金礦附近的部落暴力事件造成至少 20 人死亡。 2021 年，部落暴力事件導致高地地區約 3 萬人流離失所。這些衝突源自於土地糾紛、選舉競爭、礦業權使用費分歧、報復性暴力。戰鬥中使用砍刀、弓箭以及威力日益增強的槍枝。雖然部落武裝分子通常不會攻擊外國人，但您可能會捲入交火。在最近的衝突中，婦女和兒童成為蓄意攻擊的目標。包括恩加省、埃拉省、南高地省和西高地省部分地區在內的高地省份遭受的暴力事件最為嚴重。有時，僱傭兵會被雇用參與部落戰鬥。

政治動盪

巴布亞紐幾內亞經歷著週期性的政治不穩定和內亂。 2024年1月，因警察減薪糾紛，莫爾茲比港爆發暴力騷亂，蔓延至萊城、科科波、戈羅卡、馬當等城市。至少22人死亡，經濟損失約1.6億澳元。總理詹姆斯·馬拉佩宣布進入為期14天的緊急狀態。騷亂暴露了嚴重的治理失敗和公眾的不滿。政治穩定依然脆弱，2024年針對總理的不信任動議屢見不鮮。選舉在全國引發暴力事件。 2022年大選爆發了暴力衝突，定於2025年10月和11月舉行的地方選舉也存在緊張局勢和暴力風險。抗議和示威活動可能迅速演變成暴力事件。包括體育和文化活動在內的大型集會也可能升級為暴力事件。 2025年3月，議會通過了一項憲法修正案，要求任何不信任投票失敗後必須有18個月的寬限期。批評人士認為，這削弱了議會的問責制。儘管2019年舉行的公投中，97.7%的人支持獨立，但布干維爾未來的政治地位仍懸而未決。談判仍在繼續，布干維爾領導人的不滿日益加劇。懸而未決的政治地位問題可能導致局勢再度緊張。

應避免的區域

莫爾茲比港所有區域均需格外謹慎，尤其是郊區和棚戶區。科基市場週邊至2英里山、戈登斯、埃里瑪、蓋雷胡、4英里、9英里定居點以及瓦伊加尼議會大廈一帶犯罪率較高。天黑後在莫爾茲比港行走極為危險。萊城的暴力犯罪率與莫爾茲比港相似。西高地省的芒特哈根麵臨嚴重的安全隱患和持續的部落暴力。南高地省、埃拉省和恩加省均有嚴重的部落暴力，應避免前往。除芒特哈根鎮和戈羅卡鎮以外的高地地區面臨內亂和部落衝突。由於內亂，布干維爾中部，尤其是潘古納礦附近地區被劃為禁區。布干維爾警方缺乏應對緊急情況的資源。儘管社區保證不會發生，但科科達步道仍遭受襲擊和搶劫。當地社區可能會在短時間內封鎖步道，甚至持續數週。偏遠地區有綁架風險，尤其是在南高地省和埃拉省的礦區附近。城鎮中所有棚戶區都很危險。高地公路經常發生針對車輛的暴力攻擊，尤其是在戈羅卡和凱南圖之間。在科科達小徑、米爾恩灣和拉包爾，仍殘留著未爆炸的二戰遺留彈藥。