Tonga
關於Tonga
| 貨幣 | Paʻanga (TOP) |
| 語言 | English and Tongan |
| 資本金 | Nukuʻalofa |
The Kingdom of Tonga is an archipelago of 176 islands scattered over 270,000 square miles in the South Pacific. The population is about 106,000 people who inhabit only 52 of the islands. Tonga is referred to as the “Friendly Island” so named by James Cook, the British explorer in 1773. In 1845, these islands were united into a Polynesian kingdom. From 1900 to 1970, Tonga was a British protected state but was never colonized. The nation gained full independence in 1970. The first inhabitants were the Polynesians, and this country is the last of the Polynesian kingdoms.
The government is a constitutional monarchy, the only monarchy in the Pacific. The chief of state is a king, and the head of government is a prime minister. Tonga has had a monarchy since the 10th century. Although Tonga has a very conservative, traditional society, the younger population is calling for more political reform leading to a more democratic constitution.
Travellers to Tonga can relax on deserted beaches and enjoy activities such as snorkeling, diving, kayaking, whale watching.
Tonga的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
乙肝疫苗
There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
麻疹,腮腺炎,風疹(MMR)疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers whose activities or employment may bring them into direct contact with bats (i.e. adventure travellers, veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers, etc.).
傷寒疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.
Tonga的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對Tonga的建議。
Tonga要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis B
There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Tonga.
Chikungunya Fever
Chikungunya fever has occurred in Tonga.
Hepatitis A
There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Tonga through contaminated food or water. Infection can still occur at tourist destinations and resorts.
Dengue Fever
Outbreaks of dengue fever may occur.
對於一些旅行者
Measles
There is a risk of acquiring Measles in this country.
Tuberculosis
Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the healthcare field, or having close prolonged contact with a sick person.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Rabies
The risk of acquiring Rabies is low. However, it may be present in bats. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) may be at risk.
Zika Fever
Zika fever can occur in this country.
Typhoid Fever
Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Tonga, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.
Tonga中的安全性
人身安全
與許多國際旅遊目的地相比,東加的犯罪率較低。盜竊、入室盜竊和財物盜竊等輕微犯罪時有發生,但暴力犯罪仍然很少見。電子產品通常是竊賊的目標。據報道,包括公共海灘在內的地區曾發生性侵事件。 2006 年,東加經歷了嚴重的民主騷亂,造成財產損失和人員傷亡,但如今東加很少發生內亂。該國近代沒有發生恐怖主義事件,但當局指出不能排除發生攻擊的可能性。 2022 年洪加湯加-洪加哈帕伊火山噴發影響了基礎設施,並在沿海地區留下了瓦礫。海灘上可能會出現強大的激流和水下火山碎屑,包括玻璃、木頭和瓷磚,這些都會對游泳造成危險。該國位於環太平洋火山帶上,火山和地震活動頻繁。海嘯可能在附近地震發生後 20 分鐘內到達。氣旋季節從 11 月持續到 4 月,但惡劣天氣可能全年發生。旅行社可能不符合潛水、划船和賞鯨等活動的國際安全標準。湯加沒有用於潛水緊急情況的高壓氧艙。旅遊業監管不力,設備和設施的安全檢查並不常見。 6月至11月期間,賞鯨活動受到嚴格監管,未經持證經營者和合格導遊許可,在鯨魚附近游泳是違法的。霍姆礁火山上次噴發是在2024年7月。
極端暴力
東加的暴力犯罪率極低。 2019 年的暴力犯罪率為每 10 萬人 2.87 起,遠低於世界平均值。在某些年份,該國每 10 萬人僅發生一起暴力犯罪事件。暴力搶劫很少見,但針對外國人的性侵犯時有發生,包括在公共海灘。該國面臨日益嚴重的甲基安非他命流行病,被認為是最緊迫的有組織犯罪威脅。與毒品有關的輕微犯罪和影響華人社區的組織犯罪已成為安全隱患。東加是人口販運的目的地和來源國,勞動力剝削需求主要來自澳洲和紐西蘭市場。婦女和兒童在國內外都面臨家事奴役的危險。被合法招募擔任職位的亞洲女性容易透過秘密機構遭受性交易。自 2011 年 4 月定罪第一名販運者以來,政府尚未起訴或定罪任何販運者。亞洲商業競爭對手之間經常發生敲詐勒索和保護費敲詐。該法規定,涉及成年人的人口販運犯罪最高可判處15年監禁,涉及兒童的人口販運犯罪最高可判處20年監禁。近年來,沒有發生過恐怖主義事件。
政治動盪
東加為君主立憲制國家,自 2010 年以來進行了民主改革。國王保留重要權力,包括否決立法、解散議會和任命司法官員的權力。民間騷亂和示威活動很少發生,但可能會發生。 2006 年,議會休會而未推動民主改革,民主抗議者在首都縱火搶劫,引發嚴重暴動。八人死亡,60% 至 80% 的中央商務區被毀。 2006 年的騷亂導致國家進入緊急狀態,並部署了澳洲和紐西蘭安全部隊。 2005 年,東加史上最大規模的罷工持續了七週,3,000 名政府工作人員參與其中,要求增加薪資。 2003 年,數千人抗議加強國家媒體控制的憲法修正案。君主制、貴族和教會發揮相當大的政治影響力。 2023年,多名高階政客因腐敗和賄賂罪名被定罪。前議員埃圖阿特·拉武拉武因腐敗被判處六年監禁。政府於2021年通過了網路霸凌法規,批評人士認為這是限制敏感話題言論的工具。自由之家報告稱,公眾越來越關注組織犯罪、與毒品相關的輕微犯罪以及該國在非法販毒中日益增長的作用。議長取消了政府對2023年8月議會會議直播的資助。社交媒體上對當地或政治事件的評論可能導致逮捕。應避免批評王室。
應避免的區域
2022 年 1 月的火山爆發和海嘯對湯加塔布島外島(包括芒果島和福諾伊富亞島)造成了嚴重破壞。這些小島遭到嚴重破壞,房屋被夷為平地,重建工作進展緩慢。湯加塔布島主島也遭到破壞,但復原工作進展更為順利。霍姆礁火山對瓦瓦烏島和哈派島群居民的威脅較低,但海員應至少距離火山 5 公里。東加部分地區仍在從洪加湯加-洪加哈派火山噴發中恢復,這次噴發淹沒了湯加塔布島和附近島嶼的部分地區。火山和地震會在短時間內破壞包括瓦瓦烏島和哈派島群在內的外島的通訊。努庫阿洛法提供基本的旅遊設施和服務,但其他地區有限。外島的通訊有時會受到限制,尤其是在地震之後。夜間應避免前往偏僻地區和海灘。該國缺乏高壓氧艙,因此潛水事故需要醫療後送。醫療設施有限,只有努庫阿洛法和內亞富設有配備急救設施的醫院。大多數非基本醫療問題需要昂貴的醫療後送至紐西蘭或澳洲。