Lesotho

Lesotho的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

乙肝疫苗

There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

甲型肝炎疫苗

There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended. Infants 6 to 11 months old should also be vaccinated against the disease.

對於一些旅行者

卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗

A BCG vaccine is recommended for all unvaccinated adults and children under 16 years of age, staying in the country for more than 3 months. A tuberculin skin test is required prior to administering vaccination for all children from 6 years of age.

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

One dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) is recommended to infants 6 to 11 months prior to international travel.

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.

霍亂疫苗

The U.K. NaTHNaC recommends the oral cholera vaccine for some travellers whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk, travelling to areas of active cholera transmission. These risk factors include: aid workers; those going to areas of cholera outbreaks who have limited access to potable water and medical care; travellers for whom the vaccination would be considered potentially beneficial, such as chronic medical conditions. The U.S. CDC recommends the cholera vaccine for travellers who are 18-64 years of age and who plan to travel to areas of active cholera transmission. CDC notes that most travellers do not travel to areas of active cholera transmission, and that safe food and water practices can prevent many cholera infections.

狂犬病疫苗

Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.

Lesotho的推薦藥物

目前沒有針對Lesotho的建議。

Lesotho要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Hepatitis B

There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Lesotho.

Hepatitis A

There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Lesotho through contaminated food or water. Infection can still occur at tourist destinations and resorts.

Cholera

Cholera outbreaks occur in Lesotho. The risk to travellers is low unless living or working in poor sanitary conditions, drinking untreated water or eating poorly cooked or raw seafood in this country.

對於一些旅行者

Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever

There is a risk of acquiring the Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic fever in Lesotho.

Measles

There is a risk of exposure to measles in the country.

Chikungunya Fever

Chikungunya fever may occur in Lesotho.

West Nile Fever

The virus is transmitted to animals, birds and humans by mosquitoes. Symptoms include fever, headache, tiredness, body aches, nausea, and skin rash.

African Tick Bite Fever

This disease may occur in the country.

Rift Valley Fever (RVF)

Commonly spread via contact with domesticated animals infected with the virus. These include cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and camels, among others.

Sleeping Sickness (Type 1)

African trypanosomiasis (“sleeping sickness”) occurs in this country. Symptoms include fatigue, high fever, headaches, and muscle aches. If not treated, the disease can cause death.

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis occurs in Lesotho. Travellers to Lesotho are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.

Rabies

Rabies occurs in Lesotho. Bats may also carry rabies-like viruses. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Lesotho, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Lesotho中的安全性

人身安全

賴索託的機會主義犯罪和暴力犯罪率很高，尤其是在城市地區。首都馬塞盧的犯罪率是其他地區的五倍，萊裡貝和馬普索埃的犯罪率也很高。外國人經常成為武裝搶劫、劫車、入室搶劫和性侵犯的目標。槍枝犯罪日益增多，案件往往發生在光天化日之下，例如熱門餐廳、商業區和路燈昏暗的道路上。由於資源有限，警方的回應時間差異很大，夜間警力也很少。犯罪攻擊可能發生在任何地方，包括偏遠的山區。如果遇到犯罪者，切勿反抗，因為暴力事件很常見。夜間和週末的安全風險顯著增加。南非、巴基斯坦和中國犯罪集團在賴索托活躍，主要從事人口販賣和車輛竊盜。最近的報告顯示，幫派暴力已導致多起殺人事件，包括攻擊警察。執法部門和政府機構中的腐敗現象依然普遍存在。

極端暴力

賴索託的謀殺率為每十萬人38.24人，位居全球第九。幫派暴力事件急劇升級，武裝集團製造了多起殺人事件。 2021年1月，一個武裝集團因與非法採金有關的糾紛在莫霍特隆區殺害了8名村民。 2021年1月至8月期間，超過10名警察被殺害，主要受害者是幫派成員。法莫幫派的運作特徵與有組織犯罪集團相似，使用暴力並與包括南非非法採礦在內的非法活動保持聯繫。這些團夥透過暴力和威脅建立了犯罪治理體系。私刑暴徒暴力事件時有發生，社區居民將犯罪嫌犯毆打致死。據報道，全國各地都有儀式性殺戮事件發生，包括摘除身體部位和器官。幫派成員可以獲得槍支，有時是透過警察隊伍內部或軍隊的腐敗行為獲得的。對社區的武裝攻擊導致居民流離失所。在暴力事件升級後，政府於2021年8月向幫派宣戰。儘管有這些問題，但與週邊鄰國相比，整體暴力程度仍屬中等。

政治動盪

賴索托經歷了嚴重的政治動盪，這與軍事介入和安全機構政治化有關。 2014年8月發生政變，迫使首相逃往南非。隨後議會停擺，並於2015年2月提前舉行選舉。 2015年6月，一名前陸軍首領在子女面前慘遭殺害，引發了另一場危機，反對派領導人紛紛逃離該國。歷史上的動亂包括1998年因有爭議的選舉而引發的危機，這場危機導致南非軍隊進行地區幹預，造成大規模暴力、搶劫和財產破壞。軍隊介入政治造成了持續的安全隱患。抗議和示威活動時有發生，並可能在毫無預警的情況下演變成暴力事件。 2022年5月，警方毆打並折磨了35名抗議利斯倫停電的示威者。 2022年6月，警方向抗議削減生活津貼的賴索托國立大學學生實彈射擊，造成一名學生死亡，數名學生受傷。近年來，政治暴力阻礙了公開的政治辯論。雖然選舉總體上是和平的，2022年和2023年的選舉沒有出現暴力事件，但政治不穩定仍然與聯盟爭端和安全部隊派系鬥爭有關。

應避免的區域

城市地區的風險最高，馬塞盧的犯罪率是其他地區的五倍。首都的商業區和各大酒店之間的地段以搶劫頻傳而聞名，即使在白天也應謹慎前往。馬塞盧市中心需要時時保持警覺。萊裡貝、馬普索埃和馬費滕報告犯罪率上升，武裝搶劫、劫車和入室盜竊頻繁。東部的德拉肯斯堡山脈是走私大麻和偷牲畜的熱門地區，他們利用山路穿越南非。應避免與偏遠山區的驢隊或牧牛人接觸，因為他們可能參與犯罪活動。農村山區執法力量有限或根本沒有執法力量。非法採礦點附近地區經常發生暴力事件和領土爭端。邊境口岸是車輛、大麻、鑽石和人口販運走私活動的熱點。大多數地區夜間沒有警察，情況非常危險。偏遠山區基礎設施匱乏，難以獲得援助。