South Africa

South Africa的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

乙肝疫苗

There is a significant risk of infection with Hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

甲型肝炎疫苗

There is a significant risk of exposure to Hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended. Infants 6 to 11 months old should also be vaccinated against the disease.

對於一些旅行者

霍亂疫苗

The U.K. NaTHNaC recommends the oral cholera vaccine for some travellers whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk, travelling to areas of active cholera transmission. These risk factors include: aid workers; those going to areas of cholera outbreaks who have limited access to potable water and medical care; travellers for whom the vaccination would be considered potentially beneficial, such as chronic medical conditions.

卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗

A BCG vaccine is recommended for all unvaccinated adults and children under 16 years of age, staying in the country for more than 3 months. A tuberculin skin test is required prior to administering vaccination for all children from 6 years of age.

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

One dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) is recommended to infants 6 to 11 months prior to international travel.

黃熱病疫苗

The yellow fever vaccination is not recommended for this country. However, a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers 1 year of age and older arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.

狂犬病疫苗

Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.

South Africa的推薦藥物

對於一些旅行者

抗瘧藥

Recommended anti-malaria medication includes atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline or mefloquine. Anti-malaria drug resistance for chloroquine is present.

South Africa要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Hepatitis B

There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in South Africa.

Chikungunya Fever

Chikungunya fever has occurred in this country.

Hepatitis A

There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in South Africa through contaminated food or water. Infection can still occur at tourist destinations and resorts.

Cholera

Cholera may occur in this country. Is transmitted by contaminated food or water.

對於一些旅行者

Malaria

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that malaria is present along the border with Zimbabwe and Mozambique. Specifically in Vembe and Mopane district municipalities of Limpopo Province; Ehlanzeni district municipality in Mpumalanga Province; and Umknanyakude in Kwazulu-Natal Province. Present in Kruger National Park. The World Health Organization states that malaria is present in the Mpumalanga Province (including the Kruger National Park), Limpopo Province and north‐eastern KwaZulu‐Natal as far south as the Tugela River. Risk is highest from October to May inclusive. NaTHNac states that there is a moderate risk of malaria in South Africa from September to May only in the low altitude areas of Mpumalanga and Limpopo which border Mozambique and Zimbabwe; this includes the Kruger National Park.

African Tick Bite Fever

This disease may occur in the country.

Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever

There is a risk of acquiring the Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic fever in South Africa.

Sleeping Sickness (Type 1)

African trypanosomiasis (“sleeping sickness”) occurs in this country. Symptoms include fatigue, high fever, headaches, and muscle aches. If not treated, the disease can cause death.

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring hantavirus in Namibia through contaminated food or by coming into contact with someone infected with the virus.

Measles

There is a risk of exposure to measles in the country.

Rift Valley Fever (RVF)

Sporadic outbreaks of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) occur in South Africa.

West Nile Fever

Outbreaks of West Nile virus occur in South Africa, particularly in Central Cape Province, and eastern and southern Transvaal during warmer months.

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in South Africa, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water supplies may be contaminated.

Yellow Fever

Travellers are not at risk for yellow fever for this country. However, a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers 1 year of age and older arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.

Schistosomiasis

The parasite that causes schistosomiasis is found in South Africa. It is acquired through contact with fresh water, such as swimming, bathing, or rafting. Well-chlorinated swimming pools and contact with saltwater in oceans or seas will not put travellers at risk for schistosomiasis.

Tuberculosis

Travellers to South Africa are at risk for tuberculosis, including multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, if visiting friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.

Rabies

Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

South Africa中的安全性

人身安全

南非犯罪率居高不下。 2025年初，暴力犯罪與2024年同期相比顯著下降。 2025年第一季度，謀殺率下降了12.4%。您面臨的風險包括武裝搶劫、劫車、行兇搶劫和攻擊。犯罪者通常團夥作案，並可能攜帶武器。大多數暴力犯罪發生在大城市郊區的城鎮、中央商務區和偏遠地區。天黑後風險會增加。犯罪者會在交通樞紐和熱門旅遊景點瞄準遊客。 ATM爆炸和現金運輸搶劫案時有發生。快速綁架是指受害者被迫提取現金或提供帳戶密碼的事件。由於不愉快的經歷，請拒絕向警方報案。聘請武裝回應服務，使用安全的交通工具，並待在有明顯安全保障的區域。全國各地都有私人保全服務。 2024年，包括數位銀行詐欺在內的金融犯罪案件已增加至6.4萬多起。社會工程手段利用的是人為錯誤而非技術漏洞。包括深度偽造語音電話在內的人工智慧詐騙正在成為新興威脅。

極端暴力

2025 年初，平均每天發生 64 起謀殺案。截至 2023 年，謀殺率約為每 10 萬人 45 人，是世界上最高的謀殺率之一。在 2023 年的最後三個月，每天約有 85 人被謀殺。四個省佔所有謀殺案的 83%。東開普省的謀殺率最高，2022/23 年每 10 萬人中有 71 人被謀殺，其次是誇祖魯-納塔爾省和西開普省，均為每 10 萬人中有 56 人被謀殺。自 2011 年以來，過去十年中謀殺案一直在持續增加。 2024 年 4 月至 2025 年 3 月期間，估計有 1,100 名兒童被謀殺。豪登省佔全國武裝搶劫案的 36% 和綁架案的 53%。有組織犯罪是大多數搶劫、綁架和槍支暴力的驅動因素。非法槍枝氾濫加劇了暴力事件。幫派暴力在某些地區盛行，尤其是在開普敦的城鎮。現金運輸搶劫案以裝甲車為目標。 1994年至2020年間，超過2,000名商業農民在農場攻擊中喪生。暴民正義和私刑加劇了謀殺統計數據。 ISIS在該地區的活動包括綁架勒索贖金。當局定期逮捕恐怖主義嫌疑犯。

政治動盪

南非被稱為世界抗議之都，是公眾抗議發生率最高的國家之一。自 2013 年以來，全國發生了 1,250 多起針對犯罪的抗議活動。由於供水、供電和衛生設施故障，服務提供抗議活動十分普遍。高峰期每天發生 30 多起抗議活動。抗議活動的焦點是腐敗、經濟不平等、失業和治理不善。 2024 年大選標誌著一個歷史性時刻，因為非國大自 1994 年以來首次失去議會多數席次。選後抗議活動凸顯了腐敗、經濟不平等和服務提供失敗。日益高漲的反移民情緒和仇外心理加劇了緊張局勢。 2024 年，據報道發生了 59 起仇外歧視事件，導致 2,946 人流離失所。青年領導的抗議活動增加，利用社群媒體進行動員。抗議活動大多是自發性的，中央領導有限。示威活動可能演變成暴力事件並擾亂交通。請勿跨越抗議者設置的路障，因為這可能會引發暴力反應。抗議活動集中在暴力犯罪率高的城市。政府有時會動用警力應對抗議活動。您應該避開抗議、示威或遊行發生的區域，並關注當地媒體的最新消息。

應避免的區域

遊客應盡量避開開普敦的開普平原。當地居民不會在該地區行走。城鎮犯罪率通常較高，前往時應格外謹慎。請務必與信譽良好的旅行社或導遊同行。在約翰尼斯堡，請避開希爾布羅、約維爾、貝裡亞、內城和亞歷山德拉，尤其是在夜間。這些地區人口密度高、失業率高、貧窮率高，犯罪率高，包括毒品犯罪。約翰內斯堡市中心因持械搶劫和搶劫案而臭名昭著。索韋托和亞歷山德拉的貧困程度形成鮮明對比，請務必參加旅行團。在開普敦，請避開偏僻的海灘和野餐地點。不要獨自在偏遠地區或人跡罕至的海灘上行走，尤其是在天黑之後。桌山國家公園最近發生了針對徒步旅行者和遊客的暴力襲擊事件，包括獅子頭山和信號山。往返開普敦機場的二級公路也發生了暴力攻擊和搶劫事件。沿著機場進場道路行駛，不要走通往尼揚加的博爾赫德採石場路。避免使用偏離主幹道的GPS路線。比勒陀利亞犯罪率高，是全球犯罪率第二高的城市。開普敦的曼嫩貝格和漢諾威公園的謀殺率極高，這主要是因為幫派活動和毒品問題。在德班，搶劫和輕微犯罪等犯罪問題隱藏在美麗的海濱背後。彼得馬里茨堡、開普敦和約翰尼斯堡是南非乃至整個非洲暴力犯罪最危險的城市之一。