Madagascar

Madagascar的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

甲型肝炎疫苗

There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

乙肝疫苗

There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

脊髓灰質炎疫苗

Travellers who intend to visit this country for 4 weeks or more may be required to show proof of polio vaccination taken 4 weeks to 12 months prior to arrival in the country. Failure to produce this documentation may result in vaccination at the entry ports. Childhood vaccinations, including polio, should be up-to-date prior to travel.

對於一些旅行者

黃熱病疫苗

Travellers are not at risk for yellow fever for this country. However, a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers over 9 months of age arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for all travellers over 6 months of age.

狂犬病疫苗

Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.

Madagascar的推薦藥物

對於一些旅行者

抗瘧藥

All areas of Madagascar are at high risk for malaria. Recommended anti-malaria medication includes atovaquone- proguanil, doxycycline, or mefloquine. Anti-malaria drug resistance for chloroquine is present.

Madagascar要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Hepatitis B

There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Madagascar.

Dengue Fever

Dengue fever outbreaks have occurred in Madagascar.

Chikungunya Fever

Chikungunya is a viral disease that occurs in Madagascar. Outbreaks of this disease usually occur during the tropical rainy season, however, outbreaks can occur during the dry season as well.

Hepatitis A

There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Madagascar through contaminated food or water. Infection can still occur at tourist destinations and resorts.

對於一些旅行者

Malaria

All areas are at high risk for malaria, especially coastal areas.

Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever

There is a risk of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic fever in this country.

Sleeping Sickness (Type 1)

African trypanosomiasis occurs in this country. Travellers to urban areas are not at risk.

Measles

There is a risk of Measles in this country, especially in infants aged 6 to 11 months.

West Nile Fever

The virus is transmitted to animals, birds and humans by mosquitoes. Symptoms include fever, headache, tiredness, body aches, nausea, and skin rash.

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.

Leishmaniasis

There is a risk of acquiring Leishmaniasis in this country through sand fly bites, particularly between dusk to dawn. Adventure tourists, outdoor athletes, or humanitarian aid workers are at a higher risk.

Rift Valley Fever (RVF)

Commonly spread via contact with domesticated animals infected with the virus. These include cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and camels, among others.

Polio

Vaccine-derived poliovirus type 1 (cVDPV2) was detected in this country, with the potential risk of global circulation. Unvaccinated or under-vaccinated travellers are at a higher risk if they come in direct contact with an infected person or through contaminated food and water, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas with poor hygiene standards.

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Madagascar, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Yellow Fever

Travellers are not at risk for yellow fever for this country. However, a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers over 9 months of age arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis occurs in this country. Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.

African Tick Bite Fever

This disease may occur in this country.

Plague

Plague continues to be a threat in Madagascar, particularly in the central highlands and in the provinces of Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, and Toamasina. The disease usually occurs in rural areas, and urban outbreaks are rare. The risk to travellers is low unless they have contact with fleas, infected rodents, or suspected plague patients.

Rabies

Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

Schistosomiasis

The parasite that causes schistosomiasis is found in Madagascar. It is acquired through contact with fresh water, such as swimming, bathing, or rafting. Well-chlorinated swimming pools and contact with saltwater in oceans or seas will not put travellers at risk for schistosomiasis.

Madagascar中的安全性

人身安全

暴力犯罪對馬達加斯加全國帶來嚴重威脅。武裝集團在全國各地活動，犯下入室搶劫、劫車、武裝搶劫和綁架等罪行。無論城鄉，外國人都成為犯罪目標。扒手、搶包和竊盜等輕微犯罪行為屢見不鮮，尤其是在塔那那利佛和觀光區。竊賊經常瞄準塞車的車輛，砸碎車窗偷走手機和貴重物品。近年來，犯罪分子變得更加大膽，甚至在以前被認為安全且人流密集的地區也開始犯案。搶劫和暴力攻擊甚至在白天也會發生，尤其是在偏僻的海灘和沿海地區。一些襲擊者假扮導遊接近受害者。武裝搶劫經常發生在主幹道上，尤其是在天黑後和大城鎮以外的地方。最初專注於偷牛的犯罪團夥「達哈洛」（Dahalo）在南部和西部地區與安全部隊的衝突日益增多。綁架勒索事件增加，主要針對富裕的馬達加斯加公民和印度-巴基斯坦社區，但也有外籍人士成為受害者。交通事故可能迅速引發大規模騷亂，有時甚至會引發暴力事件。當社區因對警方反應速度和資源有限感到不滿而自行採取行動時，就會發生暴民正義事件。

極端暴力

馬達加斯加近期沒有發生恐怖主義事件，但也不能排除發生攻擊的可能性。主要的極端暴力事件涉及達哈洛武裝犯罪團夥，該團夥最初專注於偷牛，目前與安全部隊的衝突日益加劇。這些衝突主要發生在首都南部和西部地區。根據媒體報道，2023年1月至9月期間，安全部隊的行動造成至少200人死亡。馬達加斯加南部發生的涉及偷牛賊的暴力事件已造成人員傷亡，但遊客並未成為專門的目標。 2021年，米東吉區三個村莊發生大規模攻擊，造成17名平民和2名軍官死亡。馬達加斯加武裝部隊活躍於南部地區。外國人通常不是這些暴力衝突的目標，但某些地區武裝團體的存在和軍事行動造成了不穩定的安全環境。

政治動盪

自2025年9月25日起，馬達加斯加各地爆發暴力示威活動，集中在塔那那利佛和幾個主要城市。抗議活動的起因是長期停電、缺水和系統性腐敗。根據聯合國的數據，抗議活動已造成至少22人死亡，100多人受傷。暴力事件包括槍擊、搶劫、故意破壞和破壞財物。政客的住所成為攻擊目標。塔那那利佛和大多數主要城市實行了從黃昏到黎明的宵禁。塔那那利佛伊瓦圖國際機場多次關閉和重新開放，並取消了多趟航班。 9月29日，拉喬利納總統解散政府以應對騷亂，並於10月6日任命軍事將領魯芬·扎菲桑博為總理。 10月11日，一支於2009年扶持總統的精英軍事部隊加入了抗議者的行列，當局稱這是一次未遂政變。這場運動由馬達加斯加的Z世代透過社群媒體協調組織，要求總統辭職並進行體制改革。馬達加斯加的示威活動頻繁發生，並可能在毫無預警的情況下演變成暴力事件。警方對抗議活動的應對措施通常包括催淚瓦斯和橡皮子彈，而且可能迅速演變成暴力事件。選舉期間，政治動盪加劇。 2023年總統大選的特點是限制反對派集會、暴力驅散抗議活動以及反對派候選人的廣泛抵制。馬達加斯加在2009年經歷了一場政變，隨後經歷了多年的政治動盪。

應避免的區域

南部圖利亞拉和菲亞納蘭楚阿地區面臨暴力犯罪、乾旱、糧食安全、水資源短缺和基礎設施薄弱等多重挑戰。巴特里海灘習俗嚴格，近年來曾發生針對外國人的暴力致命攻擊事件。武裝集團襲擊塔那那利佛和圖利亞拉之間的車輛。 Tsiroanomandidy 和 Maintirano 之間的道路危險重重，暴力犯罪活動猖獗。 Betroka 週邊地區局勢危險。馬達加斯加西部的 Tsiribihina 河曾發生針對遊船的武裝搶劫事件。熱門旅遊島諾西貝和 Antsohihy 市針對外國人的搶劫和暴力事件頻發，包括在白天和人群密集場所發生的襲擊。多芬堡以北地區以及貝洛蘇爾 Tsiribihina 和圖利亞拉之間的西海岸沿線地區因暴力事件而動用了武裝部隊。在塔那那利佛，竊盜率較高的地區包括動植物園附近的Tsimbazaza、Isotry市場、Andohalo、Ambohijatovo和Ivandry。 Rova Avenue de l’Independence、Analakely市場和Cafe de La Gare等主要樞紐對遊客來說尤其危險。天黑後請避開這些區域。前往偏遠的海灘時，應與當地導遊或經驗豐富的旅行社聯繫，因為那裡曾發生伺機攻擊事件。國家公園強制要求當地導遊，這在一定程度上提供了安全保障，但遊客仍需保持警惕，因為這些地區的犯罪集團曾將遊客作為目標。