Paraguay
關於Paraguay
| 貨幣 | Guarani (PYG) |
| 語言 | Spanish |
| 資本金 | Asuncion |
The Republic of Paraguay is located in central South America and shares borders with Brazil, Argentina, and Bolivia. The population is about 6.5 million people. The country has two distinct regions that are divided by the Paraguay River, which runs north and south. To the west, is the semi-arid Gran Chaco plains, and to the east is the fertile, temperate region where 95 percent of the population lives.
The government is a constitutional republic with a president as chief of state and head of government. Paraguay experienced 30 years of dictatorship until 1989, and the country was left with very little established infrastructure and political tradition. In the ensuing years, the country has struggled to maintain political stability. Paraguay faces problems of corruption, organized crime, and smuggling.
Tourists attractions include the wilderness, wildlife, and Jesuit ruins. However, the tourist infrastructure is somewhat limited.
Paraguay的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
乙肝疫苗
There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis B in this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A in this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗
BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk from coming in close contact with infected persons or for unvaccinated, children under 16 years of age, who are going to live in the country for more than 3 months.
麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
黃熱病疫苗
There is a risk of yellow fever transmission in parts of Paraguay. A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for all travellers 1 year of age and older from Brazil, Bolivia, Peru and Venezuela, and for travellers having transited for more than 24 hours in these countries. However, the vaccination is recommended for all travellers 9 months of age and older. The vaccination is generally not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to the city of Asunción.
傷寒疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
Paraguay的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對Paraguay的建議。
Paraguay要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis A
There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Paraguay.
Dengue Fever
There is a risk of dengue fever year round in Paraguay.
Chikungunya Fever
Chikungunya fever has occurred in this country.
Hepatitis B
There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Paraguay.
對於一些旅行者
Leishmaniasis
There is a risk of acquiring Leishmaniasis in this country through sand fly bites.
West Nile Fever
There is a risk of acquiring West Nile virus in this country.
Measles
There is a risk of acquiring Measles in this country.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Typhoid Fever
Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Paraguay, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis occurs in this country. Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the healthcare field, or having close prolonged contact with a sick person.
Yellow Fever
There is a risk of yellow fever transmission in parts of Paraguay. A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for all travellers 1 year of age and older from Brazil, Bolivia, Peru and Venezuela, and for travellers having transited for more than 24 hours in these countries. However, the vaccination is recommended for all travellers 9 months of age and older. The vaccination is generally not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to the city of Asunción.
Chagas Disease
The risk to travellers of acquiring Chagas disease is extremely low. However, if staying in poor-quality housing, especially in rural areas, there is a higher risk since the insect that transmits this disease can reside in walls and ceilings.
Zika Fever
There is transmission of the Zika virus in this country.
Rabies
Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.
Paraguay中的安全性
人身安全
巴拉圭的安全狀況卻矛盾重重。該國兇殺率為每十萬人6.2起，是拉丁美洲最低的國家之一。然而，該國卻是全球第四大組織犯罪熱點地區，貪腐現象猖獗，執法不力。大多數針對旅行者的犯罪都是伺機而為，而非有針對性的。在市場和公車站等人流密集的地區，尤其是在亞松森和東方市，小偷小摸和扒竊十分常見。騎摩托車的竊賊有時會搶劫行人物品或使用武器威脅受害者。有人發現犯罪分子會在人們從自動櫃員機提款後跟蹤並搶劫他們。巴拉圭的暴力犯罪正在增加，包括武裝攻擊、劫車和綁架。如果遇到搶劫，請勿反抗，因為襲擊者可能持有武器，有時甚至會使用暴力。小型遊擊組織「巴拉圭人民軍」（EPP）在聖佩德羅和康塞普西翁省北部地區活動，綁架民眾勒索贖金。雖然遊客通常不會成為目標，但該組織會使用炸藥和槍支襲擊牧場、警察和軍隊。在飲料中下藥的現象隨處可見。詐騙風險中等，通常技術含量低，但令人惱火。計程車司機濫收費用、假導遊和假幣是常見的投訴。在東方市等邊境城鎮，常出現「誘餌轉賣」的電子產品交易。相信你的直覺，務必事先談好價格。除非絕對必要，否則不要交出護照。大約80%的巴拉圭人擔心成為暴力犯罪的受害者，但只有25%的人表示他們或他們的家人在過去一年中確實遭受過暴力犯罪的侵害。這種差距顯示人們的認知存在問題，而不是極度危險，但保持警覺仍然至關重要。
極端暴力
與地區鄰國相比，巴拉圭的兇殺率並不高，但在特定情況下確實存在極端暴力。該國是可卡因從玻利維亞和秘魯運往巴西和阿根廷的主要中繼站。巴拉圭也是南美洲非法大麻生產最多的國家。這種毒品貿易由當地菁英在國家行為者的支持下控制，並涉及巴西第一首都統帥部（PCC）等外國犯罪集團，助長了暴力事件。與毒品有關的暴力事件導致組織犯罪殺人案增加。與巴西接壤的東北部邊境地區，從佩德羅·胡安·卡瓦列羅向南到東方市，是毒品販運、武器走私和暴力犯罪的中心。由於搶劫案頻繁，東方市於2024年宣布進入緊急狀態。佩德羅·胡安·卡瓦列羅因販毒和幫派暴力而臭名昭著，近年來發生了多起槍擊事件。由於組織犯罪猖獗且警力不足，阿曼拜省、上巴拉那省、卡寧德尤省、康塞普西翁省和聖佩德羅省的犯罪率居高不下。人民黨遊擊隊在北部活動，目標是警察、軍隊和大地主。他們的攻擊可能非常暴力，使用爆炸物和槍支，並綁架了多名知名人士索要贖金，最近一次發生在2022年。由於菲律賓共產黨（PCC）和當地幫派羅特拉家族（Clan Rotela）爭奪毒品販運控制權，監獄暴力達到了前所未有的程度。 2019年6月，聖佩德羅監獄兩天內有13名囚犯被殺。在阿曼拜省，犯罪集團爭奪地盤控制權的事件最為頻繁。然而，這些極端暴力事件通常不會針對遊客或商務旅客。除非外國人在錯誤的時間出現在錯誤的地點，否則他們很少參與其中。
政治動盪
抗議活動在巴拉圭很常見，但有時會遭到鎮壓。 2023 年和 2024 年全年的示威活動涉及要求土地改革的農民組織、抗議教育經費變化的大學生以及反對政府政策的土著社區。抗議活動通常發生在亞松森市中心政府辦公室附近，可能導致路障和嚴重的交通擁堵。 2025 年 9 月，一個名為「Generacion Z Paraguay」的公民團體舉行抗議活動，反對腐敗和擬議的憲法改革。當局證實，衝突中至少有 31 人被捕，多人受傷。影片片段顯示，包括騎兵和特種摩托車部隊在內的國家警察正在積極追捕和拘留平民，甚至是人行道上的平民。一名婦女在警用摩托車撞向抗議者後腿部骨折。巴拉圭眾議院譴責警方的鎮壓行為，將其手段與斯特羅斯納獨裁統治最黑暗的時期相提並論。 2024年4月，學生們佔領了亞松森國立大學近三週，停課並控制校園出入，以抗議獎學金計畫資金的變化。先前的暴動包括2021年針對政府新冠疫情因應措施的暴力抗議活動，警方使用了橡皮子彈、催淚瓦斯和水槍，造成數百人受傷。 2017年的危機中，抗議者因總統連任憲法修正案而縱火焚燒國會大廈，造成一人死亡。即使是和平示威也可能迅速演變成暴力事件。當局有時會使用過度武力驅散人群。如果遇到抗議活動，請立即離開該地區。道路封鎖會長時間擾亂交通網。原住民社區也設置了路障，成功迫使政府進行談判。政治環境依然緊張，民眾對腐敗、有罪不罰、有組織犯罪對國家結構的影響普遍感到沮喪。
應避免的區域
巴拉圭有幾個地區需要高度警惕，或者應該完全避開。與巴西接壤的佩德羅胡安卡瓦列羅是最危險的地方。它是毒品販運和幫派暴力的主要樞紐，近年來發生過多起槍擊事件。那裡沒有什麼旅遊景點，你應該不惜一切代價避開。從佩德羅胡安卡瓦列羅向南到東方市的與巴西接壤的更廣闊的東北部邊境地區毒品和武器走私活動猖獗。需要格外警惕的省份有阿曼拜省、上巴拉那省、卡寧德尤省、康塞普西翁省和聖佩德羅省。這些地區犯罪集團活躍，警力薄弱，即使是政府員工也需要特別授權才能前往。巴拉圭、巴西和阿根廷交界的三國邊境地區因有組織犯罪、毒品販運和非國家行為者監控不嚴的活動而被列為危險地區。例外的是東方市（巴拉圭）和伊瓜蘇瀑布（巴西）之間的過境點，該過境點很安全，許多遊覽伊瓜蘇瀑布的遊客都會經過該過境點。人民黨遊擊隊在聖佩德羅省北部和康塞普西翁省南部活動，目標是警察、軍隊和牧場主。在亞松森，一些街區的犯罪率很高。查卡里塔被認為是首都最危險的貧民窟之一。其他需要避開的地區包括路加、聖洛倫索和巴納多蘇爾的部分地區。這些街區的貧窮率和相關犯罪率較高。即使在大城市的市中心，也要在晚上遠離偏僻或光線昏暗的地方。位於巴拉圭河畔的康塞普西翁市吸引了前往佩德羅胡安卡瓦列羅從事毒品交易的犯罪分子，因此需要非常小心地航行。由於走私活動猖獗，應謹慎進入遠離官方過境點的農村邊境地區。對於遊客來說，較安全的地區包括恩卡納西翁、亞松森市中心部分地區（尤其是維拉莫拉）以及度假小鎮聖貝納迪諾。
