Tajikistan
關於Tajikistan
| 貨幣 | Somoni (TJS) |
| 語言 | Tajik (official); Russian widely used in government and business |
| 資本金 | Dushanbe |
The Republic of Tajikistan is located in central Asia and is bordered by Kyrgyzstan, China, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. The population is about 8 million people. The government is a republic with a president as chief of state and a prime minister as head of government.
Tajikistan is one of the poorest countries of any former Soviet republic in central Asia. The region came under Russian control in 1895 as part of Turkestan. The country became an autonomous republic of the Soviet Union in 1924 and a Soviet Socialist Republic in 1929. Following the dissolution of the USSR, Tajikistan gained independence in 1991. Almost immediately, the country plunged into a civil war that lasted until 1997.
Economically, Tajikistan is still affected by the civil war. Poverty is pervasive, and the country depends on oil and gas imports. Tajikistan depends on Russia for assistance with security problems, and Russia maintains a military presence in this country. China has also helped with building roads and other infrastructure.
Tourism is not developed in Tajikistan. The government would like to encourage tourism, but the infrastructure is very limited. However, there is much potential for possible ecotourism and adventure travel, given the spectacular scenery of the highest mountains in the world that cover 97 percent of the country.
Tajikistan的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
乙肝疫苗
There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
麻疹,腮腺炎,風疹(MMR)疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for all travellers over 6 months of age.
卡介苗芽孢桿菌(BCG)疫苗
BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk from coming in close contact with infected persons or for unvaccinated, children under 16 years of age, who will live in Tajikistan for more than 3 months.
傷寒疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) and who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
Tajikistan的推薦藥物
對於一些旅行者
抗瘧藥
The U.S. CDC does not recommend anti-malaria medication. The WHO recommends atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline or mefloquine in southern areas of the country. NaTHNac recommends chloroquine plus proguanil.
Tajikistan要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis B
There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Tajikistan.
Hepatitis A
There is a risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Tajikistan through contaminated food or water.
對於一些旅行者
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis occurs in this country.
Measles
There is a risk of Measles in this country, especially in infants aged 6 to 11 months.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever
There is a risk of acquiring Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in this country through specific insect, bug or tick bites or by coming in close contact with a person or animal infected with this disease. Travellers involved in activities like hiking, camping, working with animals, and visiting farms and forested areas are at a higher risk. There are no vaccinations (or medications) to prevent Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever.
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis occurs in Tajikistan. Travellers to Tajikistan are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.
Typhoid Fever
Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Tajikistan, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.
Rabies
Rabies occurs in Tajikistan. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.
Tajikistan中的安全性
人身安全
杜尚別和旅遊區經常發生扒手和搶劫等輕微犯罪,尤其是在人流密集的地方和公共交通工具上。暴力犯罪相對少見,但天黑後仍有可能發生。夜間在大城市獨自散步需謹慎,尤其是在勝利公園或兒童公園等公園。警方可能會對酒吧和夜總會進行突擊檢查,尤其針對緝毒執法,因此如果發生這種情況,請保持冷靜並服從指示。官員貪腐現象普遍存在。警察和邊境官員可能會試圖透過捏造違規行為或虛假文件索取賄賂。在通過機場和邊境口岸前,請檢查您的證件是否齊全。您必須隨身攜帶護照或經公證的複印件,因為警方可能會因您沒有身分證件而逮捕您。街頭吸煙是違法的,可處以罰款。持有毒品將被判處長期監禁,監獄條件簡陋。雖然當地人普遍友善熱情,但要注意保守的文化規範,尤其是在大多數公民是穆斯林的農村地區。在社群媒體上發布不尊重宗教、文化或國家象徵的圖片或評論,可能會被處以罰款或監禁。在軍事或安全設施、邊境檢查站和警察局附近拍照屬於違法行為,未經國家安全委員會許可使用無人機也屬於違法行為。
極端暴力
包括伊斯蘭國呼羅珊省和安薩魯拉會在內的恐怖組織在該地區保持存在,並將外國人和地方當局作為攻擊目標。 2024 年 3 月,當局挫敗了一起在瓦赫達特用毒藥襲擊諾魯茲節慶祝活動的陰謀。 2023 年,三名恐怖分子嫌疑人在國慶日慶祝活動前策劃攻擊時被邊境部隊擊斃。 2019 年,塔吉克-烏茲別克邊境一個安全檢查站發生武裝攻擊,造成 17 人死亡,伊斯蘭國巴基斯坦黨聲稱對此負責。 2018 年,騎自行車的人在丹加拉遭到攻擊。 2019 年,一場監獄暴動造成包括獄警在內的 32 人死亡,與伊斯蘭國有關的囚犯使用刀具作為武器。武裝犯罪者和恐怖組織偶爾會越過阿富汗邊境進行攻擊,主要在夜間。自 2024 年以來,塔吉克國民參與了伊斯蘭國巴基斯坦黨在伊朗、土耳其和俄羅斯的攻擊。 2025年2月,一名塔吉克公民因涉嫌密謀向伊斯蘭國和伊斯蘭國巴基斯坦黨提供物質支持而在紐約被捕。雖然塔吉克境內的攻擊頻率低於鄰國,但威脅依然存在,當局也加強了安全措施。未爆炸的地雷和集束彈藥是阿富汗-塔吉克斯坦和烏茲別克-塔吉克邊境地區的危險因素,尤其是在瓦赫什和拉什特河谷,那裡既有標記的雷區,也有未標記的雷區。
政治動盪
塔吉克是一個深度專制國家,政治自由受到限制。拉赫蒙總統自1992年以來一直執政,擁有國家領導人的頭銜,享有免於起訴和無限期執政的權力。政治反對派被禁止,包括伊斯蘭復興黨和24人集團在內的反對黨被列為恐怖組織。其成員在閉門審判後面臨長期監禁。數百名活動人士、記者、部落客和人權捍衛者因政治指控被監禁。公眾示威活動需要政府許可,但很少獲得批准。考慮和平抗議的個人往往因為害怕政府報復而選擇不這樣做。政府實施跨國鎮壓,拘留海外反對派成員的親屬,迫使活動人士保持沉默。 2021年和2022年,戈爾諾-巴達赫尚自治州爆發暴力衝突,當局鎮壓了和平的帕米爾抗議者。傷亡,數百人被拘留,至少205名吉爾吉斯斯坦自治區居民被判處一年半至終身監禁。該地區加強了安全警戒,並定期封閉道路。 2022年9月,吉爾吉斯-塔吉克邊境發生武裝衝突,造成至少37人死亡,其中包括平民和兒童。雖然邊界協議已於2025年3月簽署,但在劃界過程中仍可能出現緊張局勢。維權活動受到嚴格審查,發表批評當局的資訊可能會遭到監視、騷擾或拘留。
應避免的區域
由於恐怖主義威脅和安全局勢動盪,請勿前往阿富汗邊境地區。武裝組織跨境活動,武裝入侵時有發生。戈爾諾-巴達赫尚自治州的旅行許可可能會被暫時暫停。近年來,戈爾諾-巴達赫尚自治州與安全部隊發生了暴力衝突,尤其是在 2021 年和 2022 年騷亂之後的霍羅格及其周邊地區。該地區加強了安保力度,部分道路暫時封閉。戈爾諾-巴達赫尚自治州需要塔吉克當局的特別許可,邊境人員會定期檢查證件,尤其是在阿富汗邊境附近。由於內亂、地雷和犯罪活動的風險,請避開吉爾吉斯和烏茲別克邊境地區。過去五年來,塔吉克和吉爾吉斯邊境人員之間曾發生武裝衝突,尤其是在伊斯法拉地區和沃魯赫飛地。 2022年9月的衝突造成100多人死亡,14萬平民流離失所,財產損失慘重。塔吉克中部塔維爾達拉地區存在內戰時期遺留的雷區。拉什特谷地是眾所周知的恐怖主義爆發點。請避免在有標記和無標記雷區的邊境地區越野行走。注意地雷警告標誌以及用紅白塑膠膠帶標記的區域。切勿觸摸任何類似未爆彈的物品。請避開瓦赫什谷和拉什特谷地的路邊溝渠、路肩和無標記小路。