Nepal

Nepal的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

甲型肝炎疫苗

There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

乙肝疫苗

There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

對於一些旅行者

脊髓灰質炎疫苗

There is no risk of polio in this country. However, proof of polio vaccination may be necessary for some travellers.

卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗

BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk from coming in close contact with infected persons or for unvaccinated, children under 16 years of age, who are going to live in Nepal for more than 3 months.

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for all travellers over 6 months of age.

日本腦炎疫苗

Whether or not a traveller should receive this vaccine depends considerably on the itinerary and activities of the traveller. In Nepal, between July and December, if the itinerary includes the southern lowlands, the Kathmandu Valley, and the western Terai districts of Bankey, Bardia, Dang, and Kailali, vaccination is recommended.

霍亂疫苗

The U.K. NaTHNaC recommends the oral cholera vaccine for some travellers whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk, travelling to areas of active cholera transmission. These risk factors include: aid workers; those going to areas of cholera outbreaks who have limited access to potable water and medical care; travellers for whom the vaccination would be considered potentially beneficial, such as chronic medical conditions. The U.S. CDC recommends the cholera vaccine for all travellers who plan to travel to areas of active cholera transmission. CDC notes that most travellers do not travel to areas of active cholera transmission, and that safe food and water practices can prevent many cholera infections.

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.

狂犬病疫苗

Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.

黃熱病疫苗

The yellow fever vaccination is not recommended for this country. However, this country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers 1 year of age and older arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.

Nepal的推薦藥物

對於一些旅行者

抗瘧藥

Recommended anti-malaria medications include atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, or mefloquine. Anti-malaria drug resistance for chloroquine is present.

Nepal要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Hepatitis B

There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Nepal.

Dengue Fever

Dengue fever outbreaks have occurred in Nepal, and the risk to travellers is significant. Outbreaks have occurred in the following districts: Banke, Bardiya, Dang, Jhapa, Parsa, Rupandehi, Kapilbastu, Dhading, and Kathmandu.

Hepatitis A

There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Nepal through contaminated food or water. Infection can still occur at tourist destinations and resorts.

Cholera

There is a risk of cholera transmission in some areas of the country.

對於一些旅行者

Measles

There is a risk of Measles in this country, especially in infants aged 6 to 11 months.

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.

Malaria

All areas at altitudes less than 2,000 meters are at risk for malaria, including rural areas in Terai districts bordering India. No malaria in Kathmandu.

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis occurs Nepal. Travellers are at risk when visiting friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Nepal, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Yellow Fever

There is no risk of yellow fever transmission in this country. However, a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers 1 year of age and older arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.

Japanese encephalitis

In Nepal, outbreaks of Japanese encephalitis may occur between the months of July and December in the southern lowlands and in the Kathmandu Valley with the highest rates reported in the western Terai districts of Bankey, Bardia, Dang, and Kailali. The risk for travellers of contracting Japanese encephalitis is low, but visiting the listed areas and extensive outdoor activity in rural areas will increase this risk.

Rabies

Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is becoming more common in Nepal. Sporadic cases have been reported in Dharan [Province One], Makwanpur and Dhading [Province Three], Tanahun [Province Four], Nepalgunj [Province Five], and Dolpa [Province Six]. Cases have also occurred in the eastern Terai region of Nepal which lies adjacent to Bihar state in India. It is usually more common in rural than urban areas, and the risk of acquiring leishmaniasis is increased in travellers who spend time outdoors in rural areas and at night when sand flies typically feed.

Nepal中的安全性

人身安全

尼泊爾針對外國人的嚴重暴力犯罪率較低。扒手搶劫案件頻傳，主要發生在機場、公車以及加德滿都的泰美爾區、薩內帕區和庫彭多爾區等旅遊區。 9月至11月的節日期間，犯罪率顯著上升，竊盜、扒竊和入室盜竊案件增加。天黑後，在光線昏暗的地方更容易發生襲擊和搶劫。泰美爾區和薩內帕區等旅遊區曾發生性侵害事件。據報道，一些健行導遊會將缺乏經驗的健行者快速帶到高海拔地區，然後撥打昂貴的直升機救援電話，從中牟利。旅遊區也存在詐騙行為，包括旅行社和計程車司機收取過高的費用和虛假宣傳服務。

極端暴力

尼泊爾的恐怖主義風險較低，沒有發生過經常性的國際恐怖主義行為。 2021 年，沒有報告發生任何恐怖事件。歷史上，尼泊爾國內安全的主要隱患來自毛派分裂組織比普拉夫派，該組織在 2016 年至 2020 年期間發動了小規模襲擊，包括簡易爆炸裝置、縱火和針對基礎設施的襲擊。該組織領導人於 2021 年 3 月簽署了一項和平協議，宣布放棄暴力，襲擊事件因此大幅減少。自 2021 年 5 月以來，僅記錄了兩起與恐怖主義有關的攻擊。由於與印度的邊境開放以及特里布萬國際機場的安全規程薄弱，尼泊爾可能被國際恐怖組織用作中轉站或集結地。但是，政府並不認為源自中東衝突的暴力極端主義構成重大威脅。針對遊客的暴力犯罪仍然很少見。

政治動盪

2025 年 9 月，尼泊爾經歷了嚴重的政治動盪，當時 Z 世代領導的抗議活動因政府禁止社群媒體平台而爆發。 9 月 8 日至 9 日，抗議活動演變成暴力事件，造成至少 72 至 74 人死亡，數千人受傷。安全部隊對抗議者使用實彈，光是 9 月 8 日就有 19 人死亡。示威者衝進議會大樓，縱火焚燒包括辛哈杜巴宮和最高法院在內的政府辦公室，並襲擊了政客的住所。總理 K.P. 夏爾馬·奧利於 9 月 9 日辭職。加德滿都和博卡拉實施宵禁，主要國際機場暫時關閉。到 9 月中旬，在蘇希拉·卡爾基的領導下成立了臨時政府，局勢已經穩定下來，但仍然動盪不安。抗議活動可能在幾乎沒有警告的情況下爆發，並可能導致罷工，導致道路、企業和航班長時間關閉。政治示威很常見，有時會演變成暴力事件。偶爾會發生小規模的政治攻擊，尤其是在加德滿都，但外國人很少成為攻擊目標。近年來也曾發生支持君主制的抗議活動，2023年11月和2025年3月的示威活動導致抗議者與安全部隊發生衝突，造成數人死亡。

應避免的區域

9月至11月的節慶期間，尼泊爾各地犯罪率飆升，尤其是在旅遊區。夜間請避免獨自在陌生地區和光線昏暗的小巷行走。與印度接壤的南部特萊平原地區由於文化保守主義色彩濃厚，遊客可能會感到不太自在，有報道稱，獨自旅行者在那裡可能會遇到更多不必要的關注。請避開發生政治示威的地區，這些示威可能毫無預警地發生，尤其是政府大樓附近、加德滿都的Maitighar Mandala以及南部邊境地區。季風季節，山區和健行路線極易發生山崩和洪水，十分危險。尼泊爾位於地震高發生區，地震、山崩和洪水等天災構成重大威脅，尤其是在3月至9月的季風期間。偏遠的健行地區由於地形複雜、高山症嚴重以及緊急應變能力有限，也存在一定風險。