Jamaica
關於Jamaica
| 貨幣 | Jamaican dollar (JMD) |
| 語言 | English. National language is Jamaican Patois |
| 資本金 | Kingston |
Jamaica is an island nation south of Cuba and in the Caribbean Sea. Jamaica, along with Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico make up the Greater Antilles archipelago. The population is about 2.8 million people.
Jamaica achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1962. The government is a parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy. The head of state is the English monarch. The head of government is a prime minister.
The Jamaican economy depends on services, mining, and tourism. The country faces problems such as high unemployment, serious crime and gang violence. For years, Jamaica has had one of the highest murder rates in the world. Many areas and resort areas are relatively safe, and Jamaica receives about 1.3 million tourists annually.
Jamaica的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
乙肝疫苗
There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
傷寒疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.
狂犬病疫苗
The rabies vaccine is recommended for travellers whose activities or employment may bring them into contact with bats.
黃熱病疫苗
There is no risk of yellow fever transmission in this country. However, this country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers 1 year of age and older arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission for travellers having transited through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Jamaica的推薦藥物
對於一些旅行者
抗瘧藥
There is a low risk for acquiring malaria in Kingston. The WHO and the US CDC do not recommend anti-malaria medication for Jamaica.
Jamaica要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Chikungunya Fever
Chikungunya fever has occurred in this country.
Dengue Fever
Dengue fever outbreaks occur throughout Jamaica.
Hepatitis A
There is a high risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Jamaica through contaminated food or water. Infection can still occur at tourist destinations and resorts.
Hepatitis B
There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Jamaica.
對於一些旅行者
Zika Fever
There is transmission of the Zika virus in this country.
Rabies
Rabies may be present in bats.
Typhoid Fever
Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in this country, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.
Yellow Fever
There is no risk of yellow fever transmission in this country. However, this country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers 1 year of age and older arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission for travellers having transited through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Jamaica中的安全性
人身安全
牙買加是西半球暴力犯罪率最高的國家之一。雖然自2024年以來暴力犯罪有所下降,但武裝搶劫和性侵犯在全國範圍內仍然普遍存在。旅遊區的暴力犯罪率通常低於市中心社區,但即使在度假村也難免會發生此類事件。犯罪者在度假村、海灘以及往返於不同地點的交通工具上瞄準遊客。在包括旅遊度假村在內的各種場所,飲料中下藥的情況時有發生,並已導致襲擊和搶劫。扒手和搶包等輕微犯罪在人群密集的地區和公共交通工具上很常見。搶劫是大多數襲擊遊客的主要動機。犯罪者通常攜帶槍支,搶劫過程中的反抗可能導致重傷甚至死亡。警方對犯罪的反應可能很慢,案件通常不會最終判決。政府會定期實施緊急狀態或特別行動區,以應對暴力事件的激增,這些措施包括宵禁和加強安全措施,但遊客通常不會受到這些措施的影響。
極端暴力
幫派暴力是牙買加極端暴力問題的主要原因。牙買加是加勒比海地區組織犯罪率最高的國家之一,約60%的幫派積極參與槍擊、謀殺、搶車、搶劫、勒索和僱傭殺人等犯罪活動。幫派活動主要集中在金斯敦、蒙特哥灣和西班牙鎮。大多數暴力事件源自於販毒、勒索和社區控制等領土爭端,而非直接針對遊客。槍支隨處可見,並用於大多數暴力犯罪。截至2024年11月,牙買加報告了1039起兇殺案,但與前幾年相比有所改善。幫派衝突和與毒品相關的暴力事件偶爾會蔓延到遊客聚集的地區。包括聖詹姆斯(蒙特哥灣所在地)在內的教區會定期宣布進入緊急狀態,以應對幫派暴力。平民,包括婦女和兒童,已成為幫派交火的附帶傷害。雖然遊客通常不會成為目標,但在錯誤的時間出現在錯誤的地點仍然是一種風險。槍枝暴力和槍擊事件主要發生在市中心地區,但也有通報旅遊區也曾發生過此類事件。
政治動盪
牙買加維持穩定的民主政治體制,權力有序輪調。政治暴力曾是1980年代牙買加政治的一大特徵,如今已顯著減少,但並未完全消失。牙買加兩大主要政黨——牙買加工黨和人民民族黨——歷史上曾利用幫派關係在某些地區維持政治控制。抗議和示威活動在牙買加各地頻繁發作,可能對交通和公共交通造成嚴重干擾。即使是和平示威也可能演變成暴力事件,大型集會甚至可能引發騷亂。犯罪者有時會利用抗議活動作為盜竊和搶劫的掩護。公營機關的工人們因薪酬糾紛而罷工。民間團體偶爾會組織關於人權議題的示威活動。地方選舉的延遲引發了一些政治緊張局勢。緊急狀態的實施通常是為了應對犯罪高峰,而非政治不穩定。政府會定期實施宵禁,但通常不會事先通知,這是應對暴力事件的臨時措施。整體而言,政治動盪不會對旅客構成重大威脅,但您應避免示威活動發生的地區。
應避免的區域
牙買加有數個區域禁止美國大使館人員進入,應盡量避免。西班牙鎮 (Spanish Town) 被認為是牙買加最危險的地區之一,因幫派活動猖獗而被稱為死亡谷。在金斯敦,請避開山景大道 (Mountain View Avenue) 和哈格利公園路 (Hagley Park Road) 之間的市中心區域,包括阿內特花園 (Arnett Gardens)、科克本花園 (Cockburn Gardens)、丹納姆鎮 (Denham Town)、奧林匹克花園 (Olympic Gardens)、特倫奇鎮花園 (Tivoli Gardens)。還要避開卡薩瓦片 (Cassava Piece)、杜哈尼公園 (Duhaney Park)、格蘭茨彭 (Grants Pen)、斯坦德派普 (Standpipe)、斯瓦洛菲爾德 (Swallowfield)、埃勒斯頓弗拉茨 (Elleston Flats) 和奧古斯特鎮 (August Town)。金斯敦和諾曼曼利國際機場之間的山景路線曾發生零星暴力事件,因此請改用經南營路 (South Camp Road) 的蜂鳥路線。在聖凱瑟琳教區 (St. Catherine Parish),請避開西班牙鎮 (Spanish Town)、中央村 (Central Village) 和波特莫爾 (Portmore) 內的地區,包括納戈角 (Naggo Head)、新地 (New Land)、老布雷頓 (Old Braeton)、波特莫爾巷 (Portmore Lane)、格雷戈里公園 (Watyford) 和沃特福德 (Gregorer Park)。避開克拉倫登教區 (Clarendon Parish) 的所有區域,除非經過 T1 和 A2 高速公路。在蒙特哥貝,請避開A1高速公路內陸地區以及包括Flankers、Barrett Town、Norwood、Glendevon、Rose Heights和Mount Salem在內的街區。在尼格瑞爾,請避開The Whitehall、Bethel Town和Red Ground街區。也請避開奧喬裡奧斯附近的Steer Town和Buckfield街區,以及漢諾威教區的Logwood和Orange Bay。