Malawi

Malawi的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

甲型肝炎疫苗

There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

乙肝疫苗

There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

對於一些旅行者

狂犬病疫苗

Pre-travel vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) since they may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Persons with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.

脊髓灰質炎疫苗

Travellers who intend to visit this country for 4 weeks or more may be required to show proof of polio vaccination taken 4 weeks to 12 months at the time of departure from the country. Failure to produce this documentation may result in vaccination at the exit ports. Childhood vaccinations, including polio, should be up-to-date prior to travel.

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for all travellers over 6 months of age.

卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗

BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk from coming in close contact with infected persons or for unvaccinated, children under 16 years of age, who are going to live in this country for more than 3 months.

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through the consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.

黃熱病疫苗

The yellow fever vaccination is not recommended. However, a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers over 1 year of age arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.

霍亂疫苗

The U.K. NaTHNaC recommends the oral cholera vaccine for some travellers whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk, travelling to areas of active cholera transmission. These risk factors include: aid workers; those going to areas of cholera outbreaks who have limited access to potable water and medical care; travellers for whom the vaccination would be considered potentially beneficial, such as chronic medical conditions. The U.S. CDC recommends the cholera vaccine for travellers who are 18-64 years of age and who plan to travel to areas of active cholera transmission. CDC notes that most travellers do not travel to areas of active cholera transmission, and that safe food and water practices can prevent many cholera infections.

Malawi的推薦藥物

對於一些旅行者

抗瘧藥

Recommended anti-malaria medications include atovaquone-proguanil, mefloquine or doxycycline. Resistance to chloroquine and sulfadoxime-pyrimethamine has been reported.

Malawi要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Hepatitis A

There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Malawi through contaminated food or water.

Hepatitis B

There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Malawi.

Chikungunya Fever

Chikungunya fever has occurred in this country.

Cholera

Cholera outbreaks occur in Malawi. The risk to travellers is low unless living or working in poor sanitary conditions, drinking untreated water or eating poorly cooked or raw seafood in this country.

Dengue Fever

Outbreaks of dengue fever may occur.

對於一些旅行者

Measles

There is a risk of Measles in this country, especially in infants aged 6 to 11 months.

Malaria

All areas of Malawi are at risk for malaria.

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.

Leishmaniasis

There is a risk of acquiring Leishmaniasis in this country through sand fly bites, particularly between dusk to dawn. Adventure tourists, outdoor athletes, or humanitarian aid workers are at a higher risk.

Polio

Malawi is infected with wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) and vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) with the potential risk of global circulation. Unvaccinated or under-vaccinated travellers are at a higher risk if they come in direct contact with an infected person or through contaminated food and water, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas with poor hygiene standards.

Sleeping Sickness (Type 1)

There is an increased risk for travellers spending a lot of time outdoors or visiting game parks. Travellers to urban areas are not at risk.

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Malawi, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Schistosomiasis

This disease is present in Malawi and is acquired through contact with freshwaters, such as swimming, bathing, or rafting. Well-chlorinated swimming pools and contact with saltwater in oceans or seas will not put travellers at risk for schistosomiasis.

Yellow Fever

There is no risk of yellow fever transmission in this country. A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers over 1 year of age arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis occurs in Malawi. Travellers to Malawi are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.

African Tick Bite Fever

This disease may occur in this country.

Rabies

Rabies occurs in Malawi. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

Malawi中的安全性

人身安全

馬拉威經常發生輕微犯罪，尤其是在公車站和擁擠的城區發生的扒竊和搶包事件。暴力犯罪，包括武裝搶劫、入室盜竊和襲擊，尤其在利隆圭和布蘭太爾。入室竊盜頻傳，行凶者通常裝備精良，且可能有暴力傾向。您面臨綁架勒索贖金的風險，有時商務旅客和外國人會成為綁架目標。 2025年，英國遊客在姆蘭傑的飯店遭到暴力攻擊和搶劫。姆蘭傑地區的風險更高，包括暴動、財產損失、恐嚇和針對遊客的暴力行為。劫車事件主要發生在利隆圭和布蘭太爾，通常以等候在安檢口的車輛為目標。曾有報告有人在食物和飲料中下藥，因此請拒絕陌生人的食物或飲料。詐騙分子在大城市和旅遊目的地活動。請妥善保管貴重物品，避免炫耀財富。夜間出遊即使是結伴旅行也存在很大風險，因此請使用飯店安排的計程車或專車服務。警方在震懾和調查犯罪方面的能力仍然有限。緊急服務僅能提供基本服務，緊急電話號碼 998 也不可靠。

極端暴力

馬拉威近期沒有發生恐怖主義事件，但也不能排除發生攻擊的可能性。該國的兇殺率從 2006 年的十萬分之六點三下降到 2012 年的十萬分之十點八。然而，犯罪通報率仍然很低，調查顯示，只有 36% 的犯罪通報率。武裝集團實施暴力攻擊和入室竊盜。歷史上曾發生連環殺人案，包括 2009 年的利隆圭連環殺手案。來自大湖區和非洲之角飽受戰爭蹂躪的國家尋求庇護者有時會攜帶槍支彈藥進入馬拉維，加劇槍支暴力。近年來，南部非洲的恐怖主義威脅更加普遍，像 ISCAP 這樣的組織在地區建立了影響力，但馬拉威本身並未受到直接影響。野生動物對野生動物公園構成威脅，河馬是非洲最危險的動物，殺死的人比其他物種都多。鱷魚也帶來危險，特別是在希雷河地區。

政治動盪

與政治和經濟問題有關的示威活動時有發生，並可能迅速演變成暴力事件。 2024 年 11 月，武裝蒙面男子擾亂了利隆圭的反政府抗議活動，而警察則袖手旁觀。 2025 年 6 月再次發生此類事件，持武器的男子襲擊了抗議選舉問題的示威者。據稱這些攻擊與執政黨青年民兵有關。示威活動中經常使用催淚瓦斯，道路也可能被封鎖。 2023 年 11 月發生了生活成本抗議活動，2025 年 2 月非正規商販因物價上漲封鎖了議會。 2025 年 9 月選舉前夕，政治暴力增加，安全部隊發出煽動暴力的警告。選舉可能引發抗議活動頻率增加。馬拉威大會黨和反對派團體面臨緊張局勢，支持者之間的衝突可能導致對抗。政治穩定性在全球排名第 38 名。避免所有示威和大型集會，關注當地媒體的最新消息，並在政治敏感時期保持靈活的旅行計劃。

應避免的區域

大城市的公車站和渡輪站犯罪風險較高。利隆圭老城區和首都之間的步行路段是犯罪熱點地區。松巴地區曾發生針對非馬拉威公民的綁架事件。姆蘭傑區屬於高風險地區，遊客容易受到恐嚇和暴力侵害。 2025 年，英國遊客在姆蘭傑酒店遭到攻擊和搶劫。在攀登姆蘭傑山之前，請聯絡馬拉威山地俱樂部，以獲得最新的安全建議。城市公車站和火車站附近的鬧市區容易發生扒竊和停放車輛竊盜。大多數旅遊竊盜案都發生在市區的主要公車站。人口稀少地區的公共安全部隊能力有限，需要格外小心。許多偏遠地區手機訊號有限，緊急情況下通訊困難。偏遠地區或農村地區不宜獨自旅行或夜間旅行。在 11 月至 4 月的雨季，洪水可能導致部分地區交通不便，並引發山體滑坡，導致道路封閉。