Israel
關於Israel
| 貨幣 | Shekel (ILS) |
| 語言 | Hebrew and Arabic |
| 資本金 | Jerusalem |
The State of Israel is located in the Middle East between Egypt and Lebanon and on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. Israel also borders Syria, Jordan and the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip. The population is approximately 7.5 million people.
The government of Israel is a parliamentary democracy. A president is chief of state elected by the Knesset and has mainly a ceremonial role. A prime minister is head of government.
Although the area was an ancient Hebrew kingdom and the birthplace of Christianity, Israel has been a country only since 1948. Since that time, Israel has fought a series of wars with neighbouring Arab states and has occupied territories, including the West Bank, Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights. Israel has signed peace treaties with Egypt and Jordan, however, there has been only limited success resolving border disputes.
Israel is a developed country with a technologically advanced economy. The main financial center is Tel Aviv, and the main industrial center is Haifa. Israel is a major destination for travellers since the land has great religious importance and is considered holy. Although continually under threat of violence, Israel has such rigid security that travel is relatively safe.
Israel的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
甲型肝炎疫苗
Although the risk of hepatitis A is low, the vaccination is recommended.
乙肝疫苗
Although the risk of hepatitis B is low, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
傷寒疫苗
Although there is a low risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country, the vaccine is recommended for travellers who visit smaller cities, villages, or rural areas and stay with friends or relatives, especially in the West Bank in Gaza.
麻疹,腮腺炎,風疹(MMR)疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for all travellers over 6 months of age.
脊髓灰質炎疫苗
Travellers who intend to visit Israel for 4 weeks or more may be required to show proof of polio vaccination taken 4 weeks to 12 months prior to arrival in the country. Failure to produce this documentation may result in vaccination at the entry ports. Childhood vaccinations, including polio, should be up-to-date prior to travel.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
Israel的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對Israel的建議。
Israel要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis A
There is a low risk of hepatitis A in Israel.
Hepatitis B
There is a low risk of hepatitis B in Israel.
對於一些旅行者
Leishmaniasis
There is a risk of acquiring Leishmaniasis in this country through sand fly bites, particularly between dusk to dawn. Adventure tourists, outdoor athletes, or humanitarian aid workers are at a higher risk.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Measles
There is a risk of Measles in this country, especially in infants aged 6 to 11 months.
MERS
There is a risk of acquiring MERS-CoV in this country. Scientists do not fully understand how the MERS virus spreads. It is a viral infection transmitted through direct or indirect contact with infected camels or camel-related products. Limited person-to-person transmission through coughing and sneezing from infected persons, typically in healthcare settings, has also been reported. There is currently no vaccine to prevent MERS.
Polio
Israel may be infected with vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) and type 3 (cVDPV3) with the potential risk of global circulation. Unvaccinated or under-vaccinated travellers are at a higher risk if they come in direct contact with an infected person or through contaminated food and water, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas with poor hygiene standards.
West Nile Fever
Outbreaks of West Nile virus occur in Israel.
Typhoid Fever
There is a very low risk that unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in this country. However, the U.S. CDC reports that the risk of typhoid fever is confined to the West Bank in Gaza.
Rabies
Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.
Israel中的安全性
人身安全
由於持續的地區衝突,以色列的安全局勢波動劇烈。恐怖主義、武裝衝突和內亂的風險日益增加。 2023年10月7日,哈馬斯攻擊造成1,200多人死亡,安全情勢發生巨變。恐怖攻擊和暴力事件可能在任何地方毫無預警地發生,包括旅遊景點、市場、交通樞紐和公共場所。來自黎巴嫩、加薩和也門的火箭和飛彈襲擊持續襲擊以色列各地,包括特拉維夫和耶路撒冷。各大城市都擁有完善的安全基礎設施,購物中心、公共建築和交通站都配備了警衛。緊急警報和防空洞是日常生活的一部分。居民的不安全感從2022年的76%上升到2023年的65%。犯罪統計數據顯示,2023年以色列的兇殺案增加了一倍多,達到299起,其中大多數集中在阿拉伯社區。在旅遊區,搶劫等傳統犯罪相對少見,但在市場和旅遊景點,針對遊客的小偷小摸和詐騙時有發生。女性面臨的安全風險與男性類似,大城市針對遊客的暴力犯罪並不常見,不過2023年通報的性騷擾事件有17,484件。儘管有安全隱患,特拉維夫的街頭犯罪率仍然相對較低。
極端暴力
以色列面臨極高的恐怖主義風險和活躍的武裝衝突。恐怖攻擊很可能在幾乎沒有任何預警的情況下持續發生,目標是旅遊景點、交通樞紐、市場、購物中心和地方政府設施。 2023年10月7日,哈馬斯領導的攻擊造成1,200多人死亡,數百人被劫持為人質。隨後的衝突造成了持續的安全威脅。 2024年發生了6,828起恐怖攻擊,包括持刀傷人、槍擊、車輛攻擊和爆炸裝置攻擊。 2024年,以色列境內有46人死於恐怖攻擊,其中14起重大攻擊事件是由以色列阿拉伯人發動的。來自加薩、黎巴嫩和也門的火箭和飛彈襲擊襲擊了以色列全境。 2025年2月,在海法附近的一次撞擊和持刀攻擊中,一人死亡,12人受傷。 2024年,安全部隊在約旦河西岸和耶路撒冷挫敗了1,040起重大恐怖攻擊。 2023年,約旦河西岸的定居者暴力事件達到創紀錄的1,232起,造成15名巴勒斯坦人死亡。與加薩、黎巴嫩和敘利亞接壤的邊境地區軍事活動和暴力活動增加。邊境附近有綁架風險,尤其是加薩和埃及。緊急應變系統十分完善,但威脅環境仍動盪難測。儘管全國各地都採取了廣泛的安全措施,但沒有一個地方能夠免受潛在襲擊。
政治動盪
以色列各地經常發生政治示威和民間騷亂。自 2023 年 10 月以來,已發生 1,667 多起抗議活動,其中許多抗議活動集中在人質釋放、加薩戰爭和反對政府政策上。特拉維夫的大型抗議活動吸引了數萬至數十萬人參加,據估計,到 2025 年 8 月,參與人數將接近 50 萬人。抗議活動經常阻塞阿亞隆高速公路等主要公路,並導致與警察的衝突。自以色列與哈馬斯戰爭開始以來,已有 700 多人被捕,自 2023 年 1 月以來逮捕 1,635 人。暴力監測組織報告稱,2024 年抗議活動中發生了 1,536 起暴力事件,主要歸因於警察行動,包括 1,233 起人身攻擊、282 起暴力逮捕和騎警暴力。警察使用水砲、眩暈手榴彈和武力驅散抗議者。 2023年,針對司法改革提案的大規模抗議活動在10月前多次導致超過10萬人走上街頭。反戰抗議活動面臨限制,最高法院允許警方在2023年11月禁止反戰示威活動。耶路撒冷政府大樓附近的抗議活動經常演變成對抗性事件。由於局勢可能迅速升級,旅客應避開所有示威活動和人群聚集的地方。抗議活動期間,道路和公共場所可能會在未經通知的情況下關閉。
應避免的區域
避免前往加薩及加薩邊境 7 英里(11.3 公里)以內的地區,因為這些地區極易受到武裝衝突、火箭攻擊和軍事行動的威脅。自 2024 年 5 月以來,安全環境極度危險且動盪,平民沒有出口。避免前往黎巴嫩邊境 2.5 英里(4 公里)以內的地區,因為那裡持續存在軍事存在和活動。雖然 2024 年 11 月達成了停火協議,但敵對行動可能在沒有任何警告的情況下重新爆發。避免前往敘利亞邊境 2.5 英里(4 公里)以內的地區,特別是 98 號公路以東的戈蘭高地部分地區,因為那裡有軍事活動、火箭彈襲擊以及武裝團體與以色列軍隊之間的衝突。該邊境附近曾發生過綁架事件。避免前往埃及邊境 1.5 英里(2.4 公里)以內的地區,塔巴過境點除外。埃拉特及其亞喀巴灣附近的周邊地區曾發生安全事件,造成人員傷亡。在約旦河西岸地區,尤其是在傑寧、納布盧斯、圖勒凱爾姆和圖巴斯省的難民營,務必格外謹慎,因為這些省份經常發生系統性攻擊和軍事行動。耶路撒冷及其舊城區的安全狀況難以預測,需要提高警覺。即使是特拉維夫和其他主要城市,也可能會毫無預警地遭受火箭攻擊和武裝無人機入侵。邊境口岸可能會突然關閉,並持續很長時間。